基于改进生态足迹方法的重庆市生态承载力时空动态研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 12:03

本文选题：生态承载力　切入点：生态足迹　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,特别是直辖以后,重庆市人口数量急剧上升,工业化和城市化快速推进,在经济迅速发展的同时,出现资源过度消耗、生态环境恶化等环境问题,使区域的生态系统安全受到很大威胁。重庆市位于我国的西南地区,属于典型的三峡库区生态环境和山地环境,生态环境十分脆弱。中共十八大以来,建设社会主义生态文明、建设“美丽中国”的理念,要求加大对自然生态环境系统的保护力度,保护生态系统安全。习近平总书记提出“一带一路”战略构想,生态文明理念是“一带一路”建设落实的理论基础,生态安全是“一带一路”建设落实的根本出发点,生态承载力是生态安全的重要方面。研究生态环境问题突出的重庆市具有重要的现实意义。本文以重庆市为研究对象,以重庆市的生态承载力问题为主旨,利用改进后的“市公顷”生态足迹模型计算了符合重庆市实际的“市公顷”标准的均衡因子和产量因子,基于区县单元和栅格单元分别计算重庆市2000-2015年的生态足迹和生态承载力,并通过生态赤字/盈余分析评价重庆市的生态承载力状态的空间分布和格局演变状况。得到以下结论:(1)利用土地利用空间数据和NPP数据计算所得的2000-2015年间重庆市“市公顷”标准的均衡因子和38区县各自的产量因子,更加符合重庆市的实际情况,更有利于重庆市内各区县生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字/盈余的对比。(2)结合“市公顷”标准的均衡因子和产量因子两个参数,计算基于区县单元的重庆市2000-2015年的生态足迹和生态承载力,通过生态赤字/盈余评价重庆市的生态承载力状态,并分析不同年份重庆市38个区县的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字/盈余的空间分布及格局演变。结果表明:重庆市2000-2015年人均生态足迹处于上升状态;人均生态承载力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,总体略微下降;生态承载力状态的变化较大,2000年生态系统处于生态盈余状态,2005年以后生态系统处于生态赤字状态。15年间生态盈余的区县从18个区县减少到9个,而生态赤字的区县从20个增加到29个,生态空间格局总体上呈现西部生态赤字而东部生态盈余,生态赤字的区域向东扩大而生态盈余的区域向东缩小。(3)基于栅格单元计算分析重庆市2000-2015年生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字/盈余的空间分布状况及其空间格局演变状况。结果表明:重庆市2000-2015年每平方千米的生态足迹呈现明显上升趋势;生态承载力总体保持较稳定状态,大部分地区的生态承载力在80-120hm2,其中长江沿线和主城地区生态承载力的数值比其他地区小,而山区比平坝地区的生态承载力大,这与不同地区的土地利用类型有关;生态赤字/盈余空间差异明显,总体上呈现西部生态赤字而东部生态盈余,而且生态赤字的范围不断向东扩大,生态盈余的范围不断向东缩小。基于栅格的生态承载力和生态赤字/盈余测算分析结果能够更加直观、详细地反映重庆市2000-2015年生态承载力和生态赤字/盈余的空间分布状态及格局演变。以上两种方法的研究结果都表明:重庆市2000-2015年在城镇化和工业化推动经济迅速发展的同时,生态系统压力不断增大,重庆市生态承载力状态由生态盈余转为生态赤字,生态承载力水平下降。因此,重庆市今后的发展要重视生态环境保护,走可持续发展道路。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, especially after crown, Chongqing city population increased rapidly, the rapid advance of industrialization and city, with the rapid development of the economy at the same time, there is excessive consumption of resources, environmental problems such as the deterioration of the ecological environment, the ecological system of regional security is a big threat. Chongqing city is located in the southwest of China, is a typical the ecological environment in Three Gorges Reservoir area and mountain environment, the ecological environment is very fragile. The Communist Party of China since eighteen, the construction of socialist ecological civilization, the construction of "beautiful China" concept, called for increased efforts to protect the natural ecological environment system, the protection of the ecological security system. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the strategy of "The Belt and Road", the concept of ecological civilization is "the theoretical basis of implementing The Belt and Road" construction, ecological security is the fundamental starting to implement the The Belt and Road "construction, the ecological carrying capacity of ecological safety The important aspect. It has important practical significance to study the problem of ecological environment of Chongqing city. This paper takes Chongqing city as the research object, the problem of the ecological carrying capacity of Chongqing city as the theme, with the improved "city hectare" model of ecological footprint calculation accords with the actual conditions of Chongqing City "city hectare" standard equilibrium factor and yield factor, district unit and grid unit were calculated for 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity based on the status and spatial distribution pattern evolution and ecological deficit / surplus through the analysis and evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of Chongqing city. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the yield factor calculated using the equilibrium factor of land use spatial data and NPP data of 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, "city hectare" standard and 38 counties, more in line with the actual situation of Chongqing City, Chongqing City, more conducive to the County Ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit / surplus contrast. (2) combined with the "city hectare" standard of equivalence factor and yield factor two parameters calculation based on the district unit of 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit / surplus through the evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of Chongqing city the state, the ecological footprint and analysis of 38 counties in different years in Chongqing City, ecological capacity and ecological deficit / surplus pattern of spatial distribution and evolution. The results showed that: 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, the per capita ecological footprint is rising; decreases the per capita ecological carrying capacity, the overall decline slightly; ecological carrying capacity change the large ecosystem in ecological surplus in 2000, after 2005 the ecological system in a state of ecological deficit during.15 ecological surplus counties from 18 counties reduced to 9, and The ecological deficit counties increased from 20 to 29, the overall ecological space pattern presents the western ecological deficit and Eastern ecological surplus, ecological deficit and ecological surplus area enlargement to the East region to the East narrow. (3) analysis of ecological footprint of Chongqing city for 2000-2015 years is calculated based on the grid unit, the spatial distribution of ecological carrying surplus capacity and ecological deficit / pattern and spatial evolution status. The results showed that the ecological footprint of Chongqing city 2000-2015 years per square kilometers has increased significantly; the overall maintained a steady state of ecological carrying capacity, ecological carrying capacity in most parts of the 80-120hm2, the numerical ecological carrying along the Yangtze River and the main city area in which force than in other regions, and mountain than ecological Pingba's bearing capacity, which is related to land use types in different regions; ecological deficit / surplus space is significantly different, showing the overall western The ecological deficit and the eastern ecological surplus, and ecological deficit continues to expand the scope of the East, the ecological surplus continues to shrink. The East grid ecological capacity and ecological deficit / surplus calculation results can be intuitively reflected in detail based on the 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, ecological capacity and ecological deficit / surplus distribution and the pattern of evolution. Research on the above two methods the results show that: 2000-2015 years of Chongqing city in urbanization and industrialization to promote rapid economic development at the same time, the ecological system pressure is increasing, from ecological surplus to the ecological deficit of Chongqing city ecological carrying capacity, ecological carrying capacity decreased. Therefore, the future development of Chongqing City pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment, take the road of sustainable development.

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22

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