OFDI对中国民营企业技术创新的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 21:50

本文选题：民营企业 + 对外直接投资　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着“走出去”战略、“一带一路”战略的贯彻实施和国内需求过剩的事实,对外直接投资(OFDI)受到中国企业的青睐,逐渐成为对外投资的主流趋势。企业纷纷将目光投向海外,依靠国际市场来谋取更大的利益,民营企业也不例外,经过近40年的发展民营企业在对外直接投资中所占比重越来越大。面对日益激烈的国内外竞争压力,民营企业唯有通过技术创新来提高企业的实力,从而立于不败之地。对外直接投资的影响因素是多种多样的,可以分为外部因素和内部因素。其中外部因素主要包括经济因素、政治文化因素和制度因素等;内部因素有吸收能力、技术水平、企业经营状况和企业家水平等。民营企业进行对外直接投资的方式有建立海外研发机构、海外并购、海外新建投资和跨国战略联盟,这些都是OFDI促进民营企业技术创新的有效途径。接着剖析了对外直接投资对民营企业技术创新的主要影响——对外直接投资能带来技术上的模仿跟随、研发人才的流动,同时还会形成技术集聚和产业集群。然后利用统计分析方法发现民营企业对外直接投资存量大幅增长、投资者数量飞速上升、投资主体呈现出多样化等现状,说明民营企业正逐渐成为中国“走出去”的主力军。不仅如此,中国民营企业的研发投入、发明专利数不断增长,自主创新能力不断提升。但是,民营企业在取得飞速发展的同时也面临着技术创新的障碍,如母公司与海外子公司的吸收能力不足、中国企业与东道国企业技术差距较大、研发人员和研发资金的缺乏等问题。通过分析民营企业对外直接投资和技术创新的现状和问题,实现了对中国民营企业技术创新的全方位了解。接着,运用固定效应模型来研究对外直接投资具体对民营企业技术创新产生多大的影响来进行定量分析,实证结果表明对外直接投资每变动1%,民营企业技术创新变动2.55%;通过划分地区进行异质性检验发现对外直接投资对东、中部的促进作用显著,对西部地区企业影响不明显;同时文章还得出对外直接投资对技术创新的滞后期有显著促进作用的结论。最后,依据理论和实证结果分别从政府营造良好的外部环境、加大支持力度和企业增强自主创新能力方面提出加强对外直接投资促进民营企业技术创新的相关对策建议。本文的研究为处于困境中的民营企业试图通过对外直接投资来提升技术水平提供一定的理论支持。
[Abstract]:With the "going out" strategy, the implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy and the fact that domestic demand is excess, foreign direct investment (OFDI) is favored by Chinese enterprises and has gradually become the mainstream trend of foreign investment. Enterprises look overseas, rely on the international market to seek greater benefits, private enterprises are no exception, after nearly 40 years of development of private enterprises in foreign direct investment in the proportion of more and more. In the face of increasingly fierce domestic and foreign competition pressure, private enterprises only through technological innovation to improve the strength of enterprises, so as to stay in an invincible position. The influencing factors of FDI are various and can be divided into external factors and internal factors. External factors include economic factors, political and cultural factors and institutional factors, and internal factors include absorptive capacity, technical level, enterprise management status and entrepreneur level. The foreign direct investment of private enterprises includes the establishment of overseas R & D institutions, overseas mergers and acquisitions, overseas new investment and transnational strategic alliances, which are all effective ways for OFDI to promote the technological innovation of private enterprises. Then it analyzes the main influence of FDI on technological innovation of private enterprises-FDI can bring technological imitation and follow, flow of R & D talents, and form technology agglomeration and industrial cluster at the same time. Then it is found that the stock of foreign direct investment of private enterprises has increased substantially, the number of investors has risen rapidly, and the main investment bodies have been diversified, indicating that private enterprises are gradually becoming the main force of "going out" in China. Moreover, the R & D investment of Chinese private enterprises, the number of invention patents are increasing, and the independent innovation ability is improving. However, private enterprises are facing the obstacle of technological innovation, such as the lack of absorptive capacity of parent company and overseas subsidiary, and the big technological gap between Chinese enterprises and host country enterprises. Lack of R & D staff and R & D funds. By analyzing the current situation and problems of foreign direct investment and technological innovation of private enterprises, this paper realizes the all-round understanding of technological innovation of private enterprises in China. Then, the fixed effect model is used to study the impact of foreign direct investment on the technological innovation of private enterprises to carry out quantitative analysis. The empirical results show that for each change of FDI, the technological innovation of private enterprises changes 2.55.The heterogeneity test shows that FDI has a significant promoting effect on the east and central regions, but has no obvious impact on enterprises in the western region. At the same time, the paper draws the conclusion that FDI can promote the lag of technological innovation. Finally, according to the theoretical and empirical results, from the government to create a good external environment, increasing support and enterprises to enhance independent innovation ability to strengthen foreign direct investment to promote private enterprise technology innovation related countermeasures and suggestions. The research in this paper provides some theoretical support for the private enterprises trying to improve the technology level through foreign direct investment.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F125;F276.5;F273.1

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