教育扶贫的价值贡献

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:19

  本文选题：教育扶贫 + 人力资本　； 参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：贫困问题是全世界共同面对的挑战。它对人类生活质量的提高、个人价值的实现、社会文明的传承以及经济的发展进步构成威胁。自上世纪70年代开始,我国政府就对扶贫工作给予高度重视,通过不断加大对贫困地区、贫困人口的资助力度,改善贫困现状,使贫困率逐年降低,为世界扶贫事业作出巨大贡献。然而后续调查发现,目前仍有大量贫困人口处在生活资料匮乏、文化素质低下、谋生能力欠缺的状态下,无法满足自身生活发展需要,同时脱贫人口返贫现象亦时有发生;问题得不到根本解决,长此以往将违背社会主义初衷、激化矛盾,威胁社会和谐稳定。同时,面临中国人口老龄化程度加剧、供给侧改革等挑战,在“一带一路”政策大背景下,如何加大人力资本培养力度,提升劳动生产率和人口素质,实现人民安居乐业、经济持续增长、社会繁荣稳定,是新时期的工作重点。21世纪竞争的核心是科学技术的竞争,其实质是人力资本的竞争。教育作为人力资本提升的重要工具,在扶贫工作中具有决定成效可持续性的关键作用。本研究从解决人力资本提升问题入手,对国内外扶贫,尤其是教育扶贫相关研究进行发掘整合,结合发展与人力资本理论对贫困进行综合分析,针对贫困的发生、发展、抑制与消除进行论证,结合我国与世界扶贫工作进展过程中积累的经验与遇到的实际问题,提出在兼顾公平与效率的前提下将教育扶贫收益最大化的设想。本研究涉及对我国各地区经济发展情况、人均GDP水平、人口受教育程度及人力资本的培养途径进行综合对比与分析,并通过实证分析得到教育发展水平与贫困程度的逆相关性,以及女童教育对一地贫困抑制程度正相关性的结论,认为针对特定群体的教育投入可以对扶贫成果产生具有积极意义的重要作用。本研究在对教育扶贫问题进行研究论证基础上,提出依托新技术实现跨越式脱贫的设想,并通过对教育内容的选择与实践、教育扶贫法律制度的出台与规范、贫困人口保障体系的建设与完善、就业问题的解决与协调、非政府力量的运用与监管等几个方面提出政策建议,提出将全国教育水平统一测试引入教育扶贫系统,在扶贫领域引进并规范私立教育,对现有公立教育进行有力补充;提议监管并放开捐赠基金的使用及投资范围,增加教育的资金来源;通过提升贫困人口素质、增强贫困人口能力,改善社会的整体环境与未来布局。消除贫困与普及教育作为联合国8个千年发展目标排名第一与第二位的目标,已侧面说明二者的潜在联系与重要程度。解决贫困与教育所面对的问题,协调发展二者之间的关系,在保障人类福祉、推进社会发展方面具有重要价值。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a common challenge to the world. It threatens the improvement of the quality of human life, the realization of individual value, the inheritance of social civilization and the development of economy. Since the 1970s, our government has attached great importance to the work of poverty alleviation. By continuously increasing the financial assistance to poor areas and the poor population, we can improve the present situation of poverty and reduce the poverty rate year by year. We will make great contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation in the world. However, the follow-up investigation found that there are still a large number of poor people in the lack of means of livelihood, low cultural quality, lack of livelihood ability, unable to meet their own needs of life development, and the phenomenon of poverty relief population returning to poverty also occurs from time to time. If the problem is not solved, it will violate the original intention of socialism, intensify contradiction and threaten social harmony and stability. At the same time, in the face of the challenges such as the aggravation of the aging population and the supply-side reform in China, under the background of "Belt and Road" policy, how to strengthen the training of human capital, improve the labor productivity and the quality of the population, and realize the people living and working in peace and contentment. Sustained economic growth, social prosperity and stability are the focus of work in the new period. The core of the 21st century competition is the competition of science and technology, and its essence is the competition of human capital. As an important tool of human capital upgrading, education plays a key role in poverty alleviation. This study starts with solving the problem of human capital upgrading, excavates and integrates the research on poverty alleviation at home and abroad, especially the research on poverty alleviation in education, analyzes poverty comprehensively with the theory of development and human capital, and aims at the occurrence and development of poverty. Based on the experience and practical problems accumulated in the progress of poverty alleviation in China and the world, this paper puts forward the assumption of maximizing the benefit of poverty alleviation through education on the premise of taking equity and efficiency into account. This study involves a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the economic development, the per capita GDP level, the education level of the population and the cultivation of human capital in various regions of China, and obtains the inverse correlation between the level of educational development and the degree of poverty through empirical analysis. The conclusion that the education of girls positively correlates with the degree of poverty suppression in one place suggests that the educational input for specific groups can play an important role in helping the poor. On the basis of the research and demonstration of the problem of poverty alleviation in education, this study puts forward the idea of leaping out of poverty by relying on new technology, and through the selection and practice of educational content, the legal system of poverty alleviation through education is introduced and standardized. The construction and improvement of the security system for the poor population, the solution and coordination of the employment problem, the application and supervision of non-governmental forces, and so on, are put forward, and the unified test of the national education level is introduced into the education poverty alleviation system. To introduce and regulate private education in the field of poverty alleviation, to complement existing public education; to propose to regulate and liberalize the use and investment of the Endowment Fund, and to increase the sources of funding for education; and to increase the quality of the poor by improving the quality of the poor. Strengthen the ability of the poor, improve the overall environment and future distribution of society. Poverty eradication and Education for all (EFA), as the first and second Millennium Development goals (MDGs) of the United Nations, have illustrated the potential link and importance of the two goals. To solve the problems faced by poverty and education, and to develop the relationship between them harmoniously, is of great value in ensuring human welfare and promoting social development.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G521
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本文编号：1892057