论北斗导航在“一带一路”沿线国家应用的损害赔偿法律机制

发布时间：2018-08-09 15:01

【摘要】：北斗卫星导航系统从建设完成至投入使用以来,系统性能日益提高,将在2018年通过定位导航卫星、通信卫星、遥感卫星和气象卫星等共同向“一带一路”沿线国家构筑“天基丝路”。北斗导航将以政府推动、企业盈利与个人免费三种模式在“一带一路”沿线国家广泛使用。但由于卫星信号的不稳定性、“一带一路”沿线国情与地域的复杂性以及北斗在“一带一路”推广主体的多样性,北斗导航应用中可能会给用户带来不可避免的损害。北斗在“一带一路”沿线国家产生损害的类型以受损害对象来区分,可分为北斗导航系统给其他导航系统造成的损害、北斗导航系统给用户造成的损害、北斗导航系统给第三方造成的损害。上述损害应依据国际法和国内法来承担法律责任,分为两类:(1)依国际法律规则承担损害赔偿,包括国际法上的国际责任制度、《责任公约》规定的损害赔偿制度、以及北斗与“一带一路”沿线国家的协议约定;(2)依我国民事法律规则承担损害赔偿,应当遵循有损害有赔偿、过错赔偿以及无过错赔偿原则。现有的损害赔偿法律机制对北斗在“一带一路”应用中损害赔偿法律问题的解决仍有着局限性。因此,完善现有的损害赔偿机制十分必要。首先,要完善国际空间法框架下的损害赔偿法律机制,扩大现有损害赔偿的责任主体,规范损害赔偿的范围,并明确条约的选择适用。其次,建立“一带一路”下“北斗”损害赔偿机制,可以在“一带一路”争端解决中心下建立以“数据管辖权原则”为基础、通过仲裁程序解决纠纷的“北斗争议处理中心”。最后,构建我国民事体制下的“北斗”损害赔偿机制。除了依据传统损害赔偿制度外,还应当通过建立责任保险制度、设立“北斗”损害赔偿基金等方式,来化解因卫星信号致损而侵权人无力赔偿的困境。
[Abstract]:The performance of the Beidou satellite navigation system has been improving day by day since it was completed and put into use. In 2018, it will adopt a navigation satellite and a communications satellite. Remote sensing satellites and meteorological satellites together build a space-based silk road to countries along the Belt and Road. Beidou Navigation will be widely used in countries along the "Belt and Road" route by government-driven, corporate profit and personal free models. However, due to the instability of satellite signals, the complexity of national conditions and regions along "Belt and Road" and the diversity of Beidou's main body in "Belt and Road", the application of Beidou navigation may bring inevitable harm to users. The types of damage caused by Beidou in the countries along the "Belt and Road" can be divided into the damage caused by the Beidou navigation system to other navigation systems and the damage caused by the Beidou navigation system to the users. Damage to third parties caused by Beidou Navigation system. Such damage shall be subject to legal liability under international and domestic law and shall be divided into two categories: (1) compensation for damage under international legal rules, including the regime of international liability under international law and the regime of compensation for damage provided for in the liability Convention, And the agreement between Beidou and the countries along "Belt and Road"; (2) the principle of compensation for damages, fault compensation and no-fault compensation should be followed in accordance with the rules of civil law of our country. The existing legal mechanism of compensation for damages is still limited in the application of Beidou in the application of "Belt and Road". Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the existing damage compensation mechanism. First of all, it is necessary to perfect the legal mechanism of damages under the framework of international space law, expand the existing liability subjects for damages, standardize the scope of damages, and clarify the choice and application of treaties. Secondly, the establishment of "Beidou" damage compensation mechanism under "Belt and Road" can establish the "Beidou dispute settlement Center" under the "Belt and Road" dispute settlement Center, which is based on the "data jurisdiction principle" and resolves disputes through arbitration procedures. Finally, the construction of our civil system under the "Beidou" damage compensation mechanism. In addition to the traditional damage compensation system, we should establish the liability insurance system and establish the "Beidou" damage compensation fund to resolve the plight of the infringer who is unable to compensate for the satellite signal damage.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D99

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