中国西南边境地区人口空间格局演变研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 13:16

【摘要】：中国西南边境地区与越南、老挝、缅甸三国接壤,是中国连接东南亚各国,通往印度洋的西南通道,区位优势十分突出。近年来,中国—东盟自由贸易区建成,大湄公河次区域合作不断深入,“一带一路”战略的提出等,给西南边境地区带来前所未有的发展机遇,使西南边境地区成为中国面向西南对外开放的前沿。长期以来,西南边境地区人口问题一直是学术界关注的焦点,如跨境民族问题、跨境婚姻问题、人口与经济发展问题等等,但是,从地理学角度进行研究的成果很少。随着对外开放度的提高,区域的屏蔽效应逐渐减弱,西南边境地区的人口现象变得更加复杂,改变着人口在空间上的分布格局。论文以西南边境地区为研究范围,以1990年、2000年、2010年三次人口普查数据为基础数据,分别选择中缅边境腾冲县、镇康县、耿马县、沧源县,以及中越边境麻栗坡县、马关县作为访谈及问卷调查区域,并在查阅大量文献及历史资料的前提下,从地理学角度出发,借鉴人口学、社会学、国际关系学、民族学等理论,运用GIS空间信息技术,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对西南边境地区总人口、跨境民族人口、流动人口的空间格局演变机制、影响等进行了探讨。论文的结论为中国更好地建设西南沿边经济带,以及推动西南边境地区人口、经济、社会、自然环境协调发展提供参考依据。按照研究的内容,论文共分为四个主要部分。第一部分,对边境地区国内外研究现状进行了梳理,并对关键概念进行了辨析;第二部分,由于边境地区的特殊性,论文对西南边境地区地缘环境的变迁、特征、趋势进行了分析;第三部分,对西南边境地区总人口、民族人口、流动人口1990、2000、2010年三个时点的人口空间格局进行静态描述和动态比较,分析其演变特征;第四部分,分析了人口空间格局演变的引致机理和影响,总结西南边境地区人口空间格局演变的规律和特点。总体上看,论文主要有3个特色。第一,从国内外研究现状看,从地理学角度对边境地区人口研究的成果很少,对边境地区人口空间格局演变的研究将弥补边境地区人口研究内容上的缺陷,进一步丰富人口地理学理论体系;第二,结合边境地区的特殊性,首次将地缘环境作为人口空间格局演变的因素进行分析,突破了人口空间格局影响因素研究的传统范式;第三,在人口再分布指数的基础上提出人口空间格局演变的自然变动引致指数和机械变动引致指数,为人口空间格局演变提供了新的研究方法。通过对中国西南边境地区人口空间格局的研究,得出如下结论:(1)自然环境决定了人口空间格局演变的基本格局;(2)经济发展是人口空间格局演变的根本动力;(3)西南边境地区人口空间格局演变与地缘政治经济环境关系密切。由于西南边境地区特殊的地理区位,地缘政治经济环境在人口空间格局的演变过程中起着十分重要的作用,人口的空间格局会随着地缘环境的变化而发生变化;(4)跨境民族的人口空间格局将长期存在,民族大融合的趋势不可阻挡;(5)西南边境地区人口空间格局演变较为活跃,但引致力均衡,引起人口空间格局变化的外力不足;(6)西南边境地区人口空间格局演变及影响呈现以下主要特征:第一,人口总体增长缓慢,逐渐显现人口集聚现象。第二,跨境民族人口空间格局稳定,人口性别比偏低。第三,流动人口增长迅速,空间格局变化较大。第四,人口增长对区域经济的发展起到了明显的推动作用;第五,人口增长并没有对自然环境带来压力,反而刺激了自然环境承载力的加大;第六,人口主要集中于第一产业,劳动力过剩导致外出人口快速增加;第七,外出人口和户口待定人口的持续增加给边境安全带来威胁。
[Abstract]:The border area of Southwest China bordering on Vietnam, Laos and Burma is China's south-west passage connecting Southeast Asian countries to the India ocean. Its regional advantages are very prominent. In recent years, the China ASEAN Free Trade Area has been built, the Greater Mekong sub regional cooperation has been deepened, and the "one belt and one way" strategy has been brought to the southwest border area. The unprecedented opportunities for development have made the southwest border areas the frontier of China's opening up to the outside world. For a long time, the population problem in the southwest border areas has been the focus of academic attention, such as cross-border ethnic issues, cross-border marriage issues, population and economic development issues, etc. However, few studies have been carried out from the Perspective of geography. With the increase of opening-up, the regional shielding effect gradually weakens, and the population phenomena in the southwest border area become more complex, changing the spatial distribution pattern of population. This paper takes the southwest border area as the research scope, and chooses the China-Myanmar border Teng as the basic data of the three population censuses in 1990, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Chongxian, Zhenkang, Gengma, Cangyuan, Malipo and Maguan counties along the Sino-Vietnamese border are the areas for interviews and questionnaires. On the premise of consulting a large number of documents and historical data, the author uses the theories of demography, sociology, international relations and ethnology for reference, uses GIS spatial information technology to make qualitative and quantitative analysis. The paper discusses the evolution mechanism and influence of the spatial pattern of the total population, the cross-border ethnic population and the floating population in the southwest border area.The conclusion of the paper provides a reference for China to better construct the southwest border economic belt and promote the coordinated development of population, economy, society and natural environment in the southwest border area. The content of the study is divided into four main parts. The first part is to sort out the research status of the border areas at home and abroad, and to identify the key concepts; the second part, due to the particularity of the border areas, the paper analyzes the changes, characteristics and trends of the geo-environment in the southwest border areas; the third part, the southwest border areas. The spatial pattern of the total population, the ethnic population and the floating population in 1990, 2000 and 2010 are described and compared statically and dynamically, and their evolution characteristics are analyzed. The fourth part analyzes the mechanism and influence of population spatial pattern evolution, and summarizes the laws and characteristics of population spatial pattern evolution in the southwestern border areas. There are three main characteristics in this paper. Firstly, from the point of view of domestic and foreign research status, there are few achievements in the study of population in border areas from the perspective of geography. It is the first time to analyze the geo-environment as a factor of population spatial pattern evolution, breaking through the traditional paradigm of population spatial pattern influencing factors. thirdly, on the basis of the population redistribution index, it puts forward the index of natural and mechanical changes induced by population spatial pattern evolution, which provides a basis for the evolution of population spatial pattern. New research methods. Through the study of population spatial pattern in the southwestern border areas of China, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) natural environment determines the basic pattern of population spatial pattern evolution; (2) economic development is the fundamental driving force of population spatial pattern evolution; (3) the relationship between population spatial pattern evolution and geopolitical and economic environment in the southwestern border areas Because of the special geographical location of the southwest border area, the geopolitical and economic environment plays an important role in the evolution of population spatial pattern, and the spatial pattern of population will change with the change of geographic environment; (4) the spatial pattern of cross-border ethnic groups will exist for a long time, and the trend of national integration is irresistible. (5) The spatial pattern of population in the southwest frontier region has evolved actively, but the external forces leading to the change of population spatial pattern are insufficient; (6) The evolution and influence of population spatial pattern in the southwest frontier region have the following main characteristics: firstly, the overall population growth is slow, and the population agglomeration gradually appears; secondly, the population space of cross-border ethnic groups is insufficient. The pattern is stable and the sex ratio of population is on the low side. Thirdly, the floating population is growing rapidly and the spatial pattern is changing greatly. Fourthly, the population growth has played an obvious role in promoting the development of regional economy. Fifthly, the population growth has not brought pressure on the natural environment, but stimulated the increase of the carrying capacity of the natural environment. Sixthly, the population is mainly concentrated in the first place. In the first industry, excess labor force leads to a rapid increase in the number of people going out; in the seventh place, the continuous increase in the number of people going out and the number of households to be determined poses a threat to border security.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.2

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