敦煌和兰州服务人员回应请求话语的对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 08:01

【摘要】：作为丝绸之路重镇和现代旅游城市,敦煌在中国乃至国际上以其发达的旅游和文化资源闻名。而兰州作为典型的工业城市,是甘肃省的政治和经济中心。敦煌话和兰州话虽都属西北方言,但是在语音、语调、历史等方面有着很大区别。这些经济和语言背景上的差异可能会造成两座城市在语用习惯方面的不同。“一带一路”政策的实行对沿路城市的语用研究提出了全新的要求,忽视这些已然存在的语用差异,必然会影响城市间的经济和文化交流。服务业是展现城市风貌的直接窗口,也是最能体现城市文明礼貌程度的指标之一。因此,为了更好地推进“一带一路”政策的实行,促进沿路城市交流,提高城市语用文明程度,对兰州和敦煌的服务业语用文明现状进行调查是很有必要的。以往对兰州和敦煌的语言研究既缺乏变异语用学的新视角,也鲜有涉及服务业对话,而本研究从变异语用学角度出发,以敦煌和兰州服务人员对请求的回应话语为研究对象,探究了两城市的语用文明现状。本文选取请求言语行为作为研究对象。请求是一种威胁说话双方面子的言语行为,因此如何对请求进行回应,是衡量说话人礼貌认知和礼貌策略使用水平的重要标准。国外一些文献对请求回应的研究未必适用于中国文化背景和语言习惯,而国内的请求回应研究视角陈旧,没有涉及到中国两城市间的语用对比。因此,本研究从变异语用学角度对兰州和敦煌服务人员回应请求的话语进行了对比研究。本研究使用定性定量相结合的方式,通过角色扮演法,分析了年龄和性别因素对兰州敦煌两城市服务人员回应请求时所用策略的影响。本文在比较两城市服务人员回应请求话语的基础上,分析了造成这些现象的原因。兰州和敦煌各有十六名角色扮演人员参与调研,男老组、女老组、男青组和女青组各四名。扮演人员经培训掌握了必需的交流和设备操作技能。扮演人员在随机抽样抽出的服务类场所发出请求,录下全程对话,其请求话语事先设计好,涉及事物大小和请求礼貌程度都加以控制。最终,32名扮演人员共在两城市的107个地点收集了1712组有效对话。数据分析方法借鉴了跨文化言语行为研究项目的研究方法。根据收集到的语料,得出以下主要结论:(1)在称呼语、主言语行为和后附加策略上,顾客性别差异对敦煌服务人员回应请求的话语有显著性影响。(2)在称呼语、主言语行为、回应角度和后附加策略上,年龄差异对敦煌服务人员回应请求的话语有显著性影响。(3)在问候语、主言语行为和回应角度上,顾客性别差异对兰州服务人员回应请求的话语有显著性影响。(4)在问候语、称呼语、主言语行为和前后附加策略上,年龄差异对兰州服务人员回应请求的话语有显著性影响。(5)在称呼语、问候语和前后附加策略上,敦煌和兰州服务人员回应请求的话语有显著性差异。收集数据表明两个城市的服务人员都倾向于对男性顾客和青年顾客使用更礼貌的回应方式,这与中国社会的传统家庭模式和话语权归属,以及互联网和移动端发展带来的青年群体成为消费主力军的经济趋势有关。两个城市对比看来,敦煌作为传统的旅游城市,其服务人员在回应顾客请求时更加礼貌。这得益于敦煌每年的全市文明礼貌宣传活动和深入人心的文明观念。
[Abstract]:As an important town on the Silk Road and a modern tourist city, Dunhuang is famous for its developed tourism and cultural resources in China and even in the world. As a typical industrial city, Lanzhou is the political and economic center of Gansu Province. Differences in economic and linguistic backgrounds may cause differences in pragmatic habits between two cities. The implementation of the policy of "one belt and one road" puts forward new demands on pragmatic studies along the way. Ignoring these existing pragmatic differences will inevitably affect economic and cultural exchanges between cities. Therefore, in order to better promote the implementation of the "one belt and one way" policy, promote urban communication and enhance the level of urban pragmatic civilization, it is necessary to investigate the status quo of the pragmatic civilization of service industry in Lanzhou and Dunhuang. In the past, Lanzhou and Dunhuang were used to investigate the status quo. Language research lacks a new perspective of deviant pragmatics and seldom involves service industry dialogues. From the perspective of deviant pragmatics, this study explores the status quo of pragmatic civilization in Dunhuang and Lanzhou based on the responding discourse of service personnel to requests. As speech acts threatening the face of both speakers, how to respond to requests is an important criterion to measure the speaker's politeness cognition and use of politeness strategies. Therefore, this study makes a contrastive study of the responses of service personnel in Lanzhou and Dunhuang from the perspective of variational pragmatics. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the age and gender factors used by service personnel in Dunhuang and Lanzhou in responding to requests. Based on the comparison of service personnel's response to requests in Lanzhou and Dunhuang, this paper analyzes the causes of these phenomena. Sixteen role-playing personnel from Lanzhou and Dunhuang participated in the survey, including four from the old men's group, four from the old women's group, four from the young men's group and four from the young women's group. In the end, a total of 1712 groups of effective dialogues were collected from 107 locations in the two cities by 32 actors. Based on the collected corpus, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) In terms of address, subject speech act and post-attachment strategy, gender differences have a significant impact on the response of Dunhuang service staff to requests. (2) Age differences have a significant impact on Dunhuang service staff in terms of address, subject speech act, response angle and post-attachment strategy. (3) From the perspectives of greetings, subject speech acts and responses, the gender differences of customers have a significant impact on the responsiveness of Lanzhou service personnel to requests. (4) Age differences have a significant effect on the responsiveness of Lanzhou service personnel to requests in terms of greetings, addresses, subject speech acts and additional strategies. (5) There was a significant difference in the addresses, greetings and post-supplementary strategies between Dunhuang and Lanzhou. The data collected showed that service workers in both cities tended to use more polite responses to male and young customers, which was a traditional family pattern in Chinese society. Compared with the traditional tourist cities, Dunhuang is more polite in responding to customers'requests. This is due to the annual civilized and polite publicity activities and the popularity of Dunhuang. The concept of civilization.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

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