保加利亚人口国际迁移现状研究（2007-2015）

发布时间：2019-01-04 13:50

【摘要】：在全球化的年代,人类社会逐渐成为一个多元文化、多元价值、多元结构的综合体,随着商品和资金的大量流动,以提高生活质量为目的的劳动力流动也逐渐增加。这使得跨国迁移逐渐成为现代生活方式不可缺少的一部分,它被当代一些理论家称为继商品、资本之后的"全球化第三大浪潮",是世界各国政府及学术界逐渐重视的课题。保加利亚的人口国际迁移一度对本国的人口发展造成了严重的影响。最近十年,即2007年保加利亚加入欧盟之后,保加利亚的外迁人口在持续增加,但因迁入保加利亚的人口也显示出增长的势头,该国的人口机械增长率较之90年代有很大的提高。此外,保加利亚人口迁移目的国近年来也出现了戏剧性的变化-美国、加拿大对保国移民的吸引力有所减小,西班牙、德国等欧盟国家对保加利亚外迁人口的吸引力优势明显。与此同时,近年来,随着"16+1"合作与"一带一路"倡议的不断推进,中国与中东欧国家合作加深。经济、文化、政治上的交流促进了中国和保加利亚之间的人口迁移。本文从保加利亚人口迁移历史入手,通过对保加利亚2007年加入欧盟后的人口国际迁移的现状与特点进行分析,并在搜集到一手数据及文献的基础上,绘制出保加利亚人口机械增长率近年来的变化态势,进而探究保加利亚人口国际流动的特点与效应。本文从社会学和文化学的角度出发,采用回顾性分析、比较研究、问卷调查分析、数据列举、文件分析等多种研究方法,通过综合分析、比对得出结论:2007年加入欧盟以后,保加利亚的迁出人口增长速率变慢,而迁入人口持续增长,未来甚至可能出现移入人口多于移出人口的情况。本文在第一章的导论中解释了选题的必要性、创新性、所用的研究方法,以及所要达到的研究目的。在第二章中首先对移民、国际移民的定义与分类,和当今世界国际迁移总体特点进行了分析。第三章从历史回顾的角度,列举了 2007年以前保加利亚移民的几个典型阶段,并具体描述了加入欧盟以后保加利亚的移民变化态势及相关原因。第四章既分析了保加利亚人口国际迁移的特点,也描述了这些特点所造成的相应社会经济影响。第五章则以欧盟、美国、俄罗斯、中国为例,分析了保加利亚移民目的国的变化趋势及移民在相关国家的文化适应状况。本文所涉及到的研究时间为2007年保加利亚加入欧盟之后至今,目前保加利亚学术界的相关研究成果大多涉及年代都为1989年至21世纪初,专门研究最近十年的成果较少,在中国甚至国际学界也是类似情况。因此,本文在搜集大量一手数据和文献的基础上进行的分析和研究,是对相关研究的有效补充。也期待能够为中保两国以及中国和中东欧国家的关系研究提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the era of globalization, human society has gradually become a multi-cultural, multi-value, multi-structure complex, with the flow of goods and funds, the flow of labor force for the purpose of improving the quality of life has gradually increased. This makes the transnational migration gradually become an indispensable part of the modern way of life, which is called "the third wave of globalization" by some contemporary theorists after the commodity and capital. It is a subject that governments and academicians all over the world pay more and more attention to. Bulgaria's international migration once had a serious impact on the country's population development. After Bulgaria joined the European Union in 2007, the emigration population of Bulgaria has been increasing continuously in the last decade, but the mechanical growth rate of the country has been greatly increased compared with that of the 1990s because the population of Bulgaria has also shown the momentum of growth. In addition, there have been dramatic changes in the destination countries of population migration in Bulgaria in recent years: the United States and Canada have reduced their attractiveness to migrants from Bulgaria, and the European Union countries such as Spain and Germany have obvious advantages over the emigrants of Bulgaria. At the same time, in recent years, with the "16 1" cooperation and the "Belt and Road" initiative, the cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries deepened. Economic, cultural and political exchanges have facilitated population migration between China and Bulgaria. Starting from the history of Bulgarian population migration, this paper analyzes the current situation and characteristics of Bulgaria's international migration after its accession to the European Union in 2007, and on the basis of collecting primary data and literature, The changing trend of Bulgaria's population mechanical growth rate in recent years is plotted, and the characteristics and effects of Bulgarian population's international flow are explored. From the angle of sociology and culturology, this paper adopts many research methods, such as retrospective analysis, comparative study, questionnaire survey analysis, data enumeration, document analysis, etc. Through comprehensive analysis, it draws a conclusion: after joining the European Union in 2007, Bulgaria's emigration rate has slowed, and immigration continues to grow, and it may even be possible to move more people in or out of the country in the future. In the first chapter, the author explains the necessity, the innovation, the research methods and the purpose of the research. In the second chapter, the definition and classification of migration, international migration and the general characteristics of international migration in today's world are analyzed. The third chapter enumerates several typical stages of Bulgarian immigration before 2007 from the perspective of historical retrospect and describes the changing situation and related reasons of Bulgarian immigration after joining the European Union. Chapter four not only analyses the characteristics of Bulgarian population migration, but also describes the corresponding social and economic effects caused by these characteristics. The fifth chapter takes EU, USA, Russia and China as an example to analyze the changing trend of the destination countries of Bulgarian immigrants and the cultural adaptation of the immigrants in the relevant countries. Since Bulgaria joined the European Union in 2007, most of the relevant research achievements in the Bulgarian academic circles are from 1989 to the beginning of the 21st century. In China and even in the international academic community is a similar situation. Therefore, the analysis and research on the basis of collecting a large number of primary data and literature is an effective supplement to the relevant research. It also looks forward to providing reference for the study of the relations between China and Bulgaria, as well as between China and Central and Eastern European countries.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C964.544

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