“党派实在论”的结构诠释学

发布时间：2018-04-09 20:39

本文选题：媒体—新闻分析　切入点：结构诠释学　出处：《社会》2015年04期

【摘要】：如果政治宣传,意识形态以及党派性等概念真的从这些概念本身的内涵来界定自身,那么,在追逐某个政治议程时,这些概念由于存在明显的偏见,从而会导致自相驳斥的结果。因此,毫不奇怪,这些沟通类型的显明特征之一就是宣称它们在精准和公平地再现实在,并且否认存在政治偏见的丑恶内涵。笔者称这种类型为"党派实在论",即被政治驱动的媒体演出,它们象征性地把自己呈现为是在实在论类型下运作的。本文的问题是,党派性媒体报导是如何在追逐自身的政治议程的同时创造出一种中立且无偏见的实在论表象的。为此,本文借用文化社会学的结构诠释学方法,以"奥莱利实情"这档非常流行的美国电视新闻节目作为党派实在论的分析案例。本文认为,"奥莱利实情"是通过如下几个范畴来生产一种用以诠释新闻的"党派实在论"框架的:主持人形象建构、围绕二元对立符码形成复杂的潜在意义结构,以及一套精致奥妙的修辞技巧。虽然这档节目自诩是一扇投射现实的简单窗户,但事实上,它启用一套精妙的党派文化系统来确证观众通过这扇明显中立的窗户所看到的东西能够支持节目制作人的政治利益。为了让新闻呈现在一定程度上暗合各种党派结论但又看起来依然是实在论,而非充斥着偏见,节目的每个情节和片段都依据一个意义结构来搭建问题。这个意义结构虽然具有强烈的党派结论导向性,但又能给人一种对各方观点都进行过理性思考的外表。本文认为,这种针对意义结构的深度分析对于理解作为政治沟通类型的"党派实在论"具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:If concepts such as political propaganda, ideology, and partisanship really define themselves in terms of their own content, then, in the pursuit of a political agenda, these concepts are clearly biased.This will lead to self-refutation of the results.It is not surprising, therefore, that one of the obvious features of these types of communication is to claim that they are accurately and fairly reproducing reality and to deny the existence of the ugly connotations of political prejudice.The author calls this type "partisan realism", that is, politically driven media performances, which symbolically present themselves as functioning under the type of realism.The question of this paper is how partisan media reports create a neutral and unbiased realism representation while pursuing their own political agenda.Therefore, by using the structural hermeneutics of cultural sociology, this paper takes O'Reilly fact, a very popular American television news program, as a case study of partisan realism.This paper holds that the "O'Reilly fact" produces a framework of "partisan realism" to interpret news in the following categories: the image of the host is constructed, and the complex structure of potential meaning is formed around the binary antagonistic code.And a sophisticated rhetorical technique.While the show boasts of itself as a simple window into reality, it actually enables a sophisticated system of partisan culture to confirm that what viewers see through this visibly neutral window supports the political interests of the show's producers.In order for the news to be somewhat partisan but still realistic rather than biased, every plot and episode of the show is structured according to a structure of meaning.Although this meaning structure has strong party conclusion orientation, it can give people a kind of appearance of rational thinking about all viewpoints.This paper holds that this kind of deep analysis of meaning structure is of great significance to the understanding of "partisan realism" as a type of political communication.
【作者单位】：美国俄勒冈大学社会学系;
【分类号】：D05

【共引文献】