我国转型经济中企业政治联系的双重作用：一个有调节的中介模型

发布时间：2018-04-09 21:30

本文选题：政治联系　切入点：企业绩效　出处：《南京大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：企业政治联系问题是一个全球性现象,已经受到了现有研究的广泛关注。在过去几十年里,企业政治行为一直是国内外管理学领域一个重要的研究课题,以往的文献采用理论与实证相结合的方法已经形成了较为丰富的研究成果。企业与政府官员的联系无疑将为企业带来很多利益,例如获得银行贷款或政府补贴、突破行业政策管制以及带来企业销售额与净利润的增长。企业政治联系的这种作用在转型经济环境中表现得尤为突出。在这些转型经济国家(如中国、东南亚、印度尼西亚和马来西亚等),包括法律、法规在内的正式制度约束比较薄弱,特别是市场机制和基础设施并不完善或很难执行。这给企业带来了很多不确定性,为了应对这种不确定性,企业必须依赖非正式制度,例如与政府官员的关系来开展商业交易,这种非正式制度可以作为正式制度支持的替代,以及在动荡的环境中获取资源的途径。例如,当缺乏有效的生产要素交易制度环境时,企业与政府官员的密切联系可以帮助企业获取土地、资本等稀缺资源,也可以帮助企业通过游说政府等方式(如提高行业进入壁垒)保护企业的竞争优势。中国的制度变革还很不完善,正式的制度,如法律和法规等框架还很薄弱,因此,非正式制度在塑造企业行为方面发挥着重大作用。研究发现,管理者采取广泛的非正式制度安排,其中和政府官员建立政治联系是最受欢迎和最有效的方法。通过这些政治联系,企业可以大量地减少不确定性,降低制度性成本,并提高配置企业其他资源的速度和效率。目前的大多数研究都注重政治联系的这种工具性利益,包括获得银行贷款或政府补贴、突破行业政策管制以及带来企业销售额与净利润的增长等。但是,企业对于政治联系的使用是否纯粹出于个人利益动机?综合对相关文献的回顾,发现以往研究过于注重企业追求政治联系的工具性动机,并没有深刻揭示出儒家文化背景下企业追求政治联系的独特机制。本文认为企业追求政治联系的动机是双重的：工具性(proself)动机与亲社会性(prosocial)动机,从而这两种动机所带来的行为也是双重的：工具性行为与亲社会性行为。因此,本文结合我国转型经济下的特殊制度背景,提出了政治联系与企业绩效的工具性行为和亲社会性行为两种路径。采用我国江苏、安徽和山东三省363家企业的问卷调研样本数据,使用第一阶段有调节的中介效应模型进行实证检验。文章从政治联系影响企业绩效的两个中介机制出发,通过对已有的研究文献进行梳理,阐述了相关构念的概念定义、度量方法、样本选择及主要结论。研究结果验证了我们的假设,表明我国企业政治联系的使用并非纯粹是追求个人利益,而且是为了实现公众利益。工具性行为和亲社会性行为这两种机制都很重要。此外,本文还增加了制度、市场、企业三个层面的情境效应,不仅仅考虑了企业的内部影响因素,还考虑了企业所处的市场、制度环境等外部因素的作用。考虑到这三个层面的情境效应,这两种行为机制存在结构性(moderator within)差异与内容(moderator between)差异。在三个情境效应中,政治联系的工具性行为机制对于制度环境变化最为敏感,相对比而言,亲社会行为机制对于市场竞争不确定性变化更为敏感。说明完善的制度环境可以消除企业的投机现象,但市场的激烈竞争并没有使企业仅仅追求个人的利益。本文的研究结论可以使我国企业以及社会各届对企业政治联系和行为具有更加清醒、全面的理解和认识。
[Abstract]:Enterprise political connection is a global phenomenon, has received widespread attention in the existing research. In the past few decades, corporate political behavior at home and abroad has been the field of management is an important research topic, previous methods of literature combines theory and empirical has formed abundant achievements. With the enterprise government officials linked enterprises will bring many benefits, such as access to bank loans or government subsidies, industry regulation and policy breakthrough brings the enterprise sales and net profit growth. The role of enterprise political connection is especially prominent in the transitional economic environment. In the transition economies (such as Chinese, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia etc.), including legal regulations, formal institutional constraints, is relatively weak, especially the market mechanism and the infrastructure is not perfect or difficult Execution. This has caused a lot of uncertainty to the enterprise, in order to deal with the uncertainty, the enterprise must rely on the informal system, to carry out business transactions such as relations with government officials to replace this informal system can be used as a formal system support, and access to resources in the turbulent environment. For example, when the lack of elements of production trading system effective environment, close contact with enterprises and government officials can help enterprises to acquire land, capital and other scarce resources, can also help companies to lobby the government means (such as to improve the industry barriers to entry) to protect the competitive advantage of the enterprise. China system reform is not perfect, a formal system, such as the framework of laws and regulations is still very weak, therefore, the informal institution plays an important role in shaping the behavior of enterprises. The study found that managers take the informal system wide arrangements The establishment of political relations, and government officials is the most popular and effective. Through these political connections, enterprises can greatly reduce uncertainty, reduce the system cost, and improve the allocation of enterprise resources speed and efficiency. Most of the current researches are focus on political ties this tool of interest, including bank loans or government subsidies, industry regulation and policy breakthrough brings the enterprise sales and net profit growth. However, enterprises for the use of political connections is purely personal interests? Comprehensive review of the related literature, found that previous studies focus too much on the motivation tool enterprises to pursue political ties, and not profoundly reveals the enterprise the Confucian culture under the background of the pursuit of the unique mechanism of political connections. The author believes that the pursuit of political connection of motivation is twofold: (proself) pneumatic tool Machine and prosocial motivation (prosocial), and these two kinds of motivation caused by the behavior is twofold: instrumental behavior and prosocial behavior. Therefore, combining with the special system under the background of economic transformation in China, put forward the political connections and corporate performance tools for pro social behavior two China's Jiangsu path. By questionnaire survey, sample data of Anhui and Shandong provinces of 363 enterprises, using the first stage intermediary effect model to adjust the empirical test. The influence of political connection enterprise performance two intermediary mechanism, through combing the existing research literature, expounds the definition of the concept, related constructs the measurement method of sample selection and the main conclusions. The results confirmed our hypothesis, indicates that China's enterprises use political connections is not simply the pursuit of personal interests, and in order to achieve the public Public interests. These two kinds of mechanism of instrumental behavior and prosocial behavior are very important. In addition, this paper also increased the market situation, system, effects of the three levels of the enterprise, not only consider the internal factors of the enterprise, also considering the enterprise market, external factors such as the institutional environment considering the role. The effect of these three aspects of the situation, these two kinds of behavior mechanism (Moderator within) has structural differences and content (moderator between). The difference in three context effects, instrumental behavior mechanism of political connections for the institutional environment is most sensitive to the change, relatively, prosocial behavior mechanism for market competition uncertainty changes more sensitive. Perfect institutional environment can eliminate the phenomenon of speculative enterprises, but the fierce competition in the market is not only to enable enterprises to pursue personal interests. The research conclusion can make me National enterprises and social sessions have a more sober and comprehensive understanding and understanding of the political connections and behaviors of the enterprises.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D0;F270

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