政府决策的民主化与科学化问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 00:25

本文选题：政府决策 + 民主化　；参考：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：政府决策作为既高度综合又高度复杂的公共行为,追求决策民主化与科学化是保障决策成效的两个基本价值取向。在现代政府决策中,民主化强调社会公正,公民意愿表达和公民利益整合的程度是衡量决策民主化程度以及判断决策成效的根本尺度。科学是用逻辑来判断是否符合事物发展的客观规律,决策科学化追求的是决策成功概率的保证,以此作为衡量决策成效的标准。从本质上说,政府决策民主化与科学化是相辅相成、辩证统一的。但是在一定决策环境下,决策的民主化与科学化并不总是呈现正相关状态,二者冲突现象也很明显。遵循民主化要求的决策并不一定符合科学逻辑,按照科学规律进行的决策也可能背离民主的价值需求。在政府决策实践中民主化与科学化的冲突表现在哪些方面?造成冲突的原因是什么?如何才能寻找出二者的最佳平衡点以避免冲突的产生?基于这些问题的思考,本文首先对政府决策民主化、科学化的内涵进行界定,进而对二者关系进行了阐述。在实践中,决策民主化对公平正义的实现要求公民参与,决策科学化合乎逻辑、专业化的需求催生了专家咨询制度的发展。因此,本文接着对中国决策实践中公民参与机制以及专家咨询机制下表现出来的决策冲突现象进行了分析。由于在实践中民主化与科学化并不能分离,由此引发了本文从理论的角度将二者区分开来研究的想法,在此基础上探究冲突产生的深层原因。通过跨学科的梳理,本文认为政府决策中民主化与科学化的区分、政治与行政二分、工具理性与价值理性二元范畴的划分实质上是一致的。运用理论对实践问题的表现、产生原因进行逻辑解释,展开学术性思考,这也是本文研究的重点。最后,通过理论层面的研究,本文最终落脚于决策理论,在“垃圾桶决策模式”框架下为协调政府决策中民主化与科学化冲突问题提出了完善制度层面建设的解决思路。
[Abstract]:As a highly comprehensive and complex public behavior, government decision making is the two basic value orientations to guarantee the effectiveness of decision-making.In modern government decision-making, democratization emphasizes social justice, and the degree of civil will expression and citizen interest integration is the basic measure to measure the degree of democratization of decision-making and to judge the effectiveness of decision-making.Science is to judge whether or not it conforms to the objective law of the development of things by logic, and the scientific decision making pursues the guarantee of the success probability of decision making, which is taken as the criterion to measure the effect of decision making.In essence, the democratization and scientization of government decision-making complement each other and dialectically unify.However, in a certain decision-making environment, the democratization and scientization of decision-making do not always show a positive correlation, and the conflict between them is also obvious.Decisions that follow the requirements of democratization do not necessarily conform to scientific logic, and decisions made in accordance with scientific laws may deviate from the value needs of democracy.What are the aspects of the conflict between democratization and science in the practice of government decision-making?What is the cause of the conflict?How can we find out the best balance point to avoid the conflict?Based on these problems, this paper first defines the connotation of democratization and scientization of government decision-making, and then expounds the relationship between the two.In practice, the democratization of decision-making requires citizen participation in the realization of fairness and justice, the scientific decision making is logical, and the need for specialization spawned the development of the expert consultation system.Therefore, this paper then analyzes the phenomenon of decision-making conflict under the mechanism of citizen participation and expert consultation in Chinese decision-making practice.Since democratization and scientization can not be separated in practice, this paper has initiated the idea of distinguishing the two from the theoretical point of view, and on this basis explores the deep causes of the conflict.Based on the interdisciplinary analysis, this paper holds that the distinction between democratization and scientization in government decision-making, the dichotomy between politics and administration, and the division of dual categories of instrumental rationality and value rationality are essentially the same.It is also the focus of this paper to apply theory to the expression of practical problems, to explain the causes of the problems, and to carry out academic thinking.Finally, through the theoretical research, this paper finally rests on the decision-making theory, and puts forward the solution to perfect the system level construction under the frame of "trash bin decision-making mode" in order to coordinate the problems of democratization and scientific conflict in government decision-making.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D035

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