卢梭笔下的主权者是谁--重思卢梭《社会契约论》中关于主权者的论证

发布时间：2018-04-25 02:20

本文选题：卢梭 + 契约论　；参考：重思卢梭《社会契约论》中关于主权者的论证

【摘要】：回顾《社会契约论》中关于主权者权威的合法性论证过程,可以看到卢梭如何在批驳君主主权学说的过程中一步步确立人民主权的合法性与正当性,逐步从主权在君过渡到主权在民。在这种转化的过程中,公意成为划分民主主权与君主主权最重要的标志,也是卢梭批判君主政制的首要利器。在公意的基础上,卢梭重新解释了人民主权学说中的"主权不可转让"和"主权不可分割"这两个关键点,并且把主权牢牢固定在政治共同体的全体人民的共同意志之上。然而,卢梭在《社会契约论》中仅仅强调公意的普遍性,却不在意它究竟是实质上的普遍性抑或仅仅是形式上的普遍性。由此,卢梭为人民主权论留下了一个马基雅维利式的暗道,悄然指向古典政治哲学。
[Abstract]:Recalling the process of legitimacy argumentation concerning the authority of the sovereign in the Theory of Social contract, we can see how Rousseau established the legitimacy and legitimacy of the sovereignty of the people step by step in the process of refuting the doctrine of sovereign sovereignty, Gradually transition from sovereignty in the sovereign to sovereignty in the people. In the process of this transformation, the common will became the most important symbol of distinguishing democratic sovereignty from sovereign sovereignty, and also Rousseau's primary weapon in criticizing the monarch's political system. On the basis of general will, Rousseau reinterprets the two key points of "sovereignty is not transferable" and "sovereignty is indivisible" in the theory of people's sovereignty, and firmly fastens sovereignty to the common will of all the people in the political community. However, Rousseau only emphasizes the universality of the common will in the Theory of Social contract, but does not care whether it is the universality in substance or in form. As a result, Rousseau left a Machiavellian way for the theory of people's sovereignty, quietly pointing to classical political philosophy.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院民族文学研究所;
【分类号】：D091

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