李鸿章洋务思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 07:30

本文选题：洋务思想 + 外须和戎　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 1840年,鸦片战争打开了古老中国的大门。西方列强依靠他们的“坚船利炮”全面侵入到儒学统驭下的东方世界。面对这“数千年未有之变局”,一些开明的中国人开始睁眼看世界,致力于“救亡图存”这一目标。他们痛苦地认识到近代中国和西方相比已经落伍。要想战胜西方列强,改变落后挨打的被动局面,就必须做到知己知彼。魏源明确提出“师夷长技以制夷”的口号,表达了向西方学习的必要性。但思想家对西方的认识,仅仅停留在船坚炮利的器物层面,并没有彻底反思中国传统政治制度和文化。随着民族灾难的加重,在统治阶级内部,逐渐形成了“洋务派”。他们以求强、求富为主要目标,力图使中国强大起来,不再受西方各国的欺辱。李鸿章就是他们中的杰出代表,他力求通过向西方学习,改变中国的落后面貌。为此他“变易军制”,建立新式陆军,创建了北洋海军;并大力发展工矿企业。为实现求强求富的目的,需要大批懂得现代知识的新式人才,因此他力求改变中国的教育体制,并向外国选派留学生。中国要求强求富,需要一个相对和平的国际环境。在国力孱弱的情况下,李鸿章不得不采取“和戎”外交策略,力图保持中外和好的局面。李鸿章的洋务思想主要包括军事、经济、教育、外交等方面,大体可以概括为变法、自强、和戎。李鸿章的洋务思想及其实践推动了中国走向近代化的步伐。通过对李鸿章洋务思想的研究,可以更好地了解李鸿章以及那个时代,并给目前的改革开放以某些借鉴。李鸿章力图通过开展洋务运动使中国变得富强起来,虽然这个目的没有完全实现,但洋务运动促进了中国的进步,加快了近代化的步伐。本文以今人的视野回溯和反思李鸿章的洋务思想,尝试通过解读李鸿章的洋务思想与实践而重塑这段历史,并检讨中国整个近代化过程中的发展情态,以期为审视今天的现代化建设提供某些认知上的贡献。
[Abstract]:In 1840, the Opium War opened the door to ancient China. Western powers relied on their strong ship and guns to invade the Eastern world under the control of Confucianism. Faced with this "unprecedented change in thousands of years", some enlightened Chinese people began to open their eyes to the world and work towards the goal of "saving the nation from extinction." They painfully realized that modern China was out of date with the West. In order to defeat the Western powers and change the passive situation of being beaten backward, one must know one's own and one's enemy. Wei Yuan clearly put forward the slogan of "teacher Yi long skill to control Yi", and expressed the necessity of learning from the West. However, the thinkers' understanding of the West has not completely reflected on the traditional political system and culture of China. With the aggravation of national disaster, the Westernization School was gradually formed within the ruling class. Their main goal is to seek strength and wealth, and try to make China stronger and less humiliated by Western countries. Li Hongzhang is their outstanding representative, he seeks to learn from the West, to change the backward face of China. Therefore, he changed the military system, established a new army, established the Beiyang Navy, and vigorously developed industrial and mining enterprises. In order to achieve the goal of forcing the rich, he needed a large number of modern talents who knew modern knowledge, so he tried to change China's educational system and send foreign students to study abroad. China demands a relatively peaceful international environment for the pursuit of wealth. Under the weak national strength, Li Hongzhang had to adopt the "Harong" diplomatic strategy in an effort to maintain a good situation between China and foreign countries. Li Hongzhang's thoughts on Westernization include military affairs, economy, education, diplomacy and so on. Li Hongzhang's Westernization thought and its practice promoted the modernization of China. Through the study of Li Hongzhang's Westernization thought, we can better understand Li Hongzhang and that era, and give some lessons to the current reform and opening up. Li Hongzhang tried to make China rich and strong through the Westernization Movement. Although this goal was not fully realized, the Westernization Movement promoted China's progress and accelerated the pace of modernization. This paper retrospect and reflects on Li Hongzhang's Westernization thought from the perspective of modern people, attempts to reconstruct this history by interpreting Li Hongzhang's Westernization thought and practice, and reviews the development modality in the whole process of modernization of China. In order to examine the modernization of today to provide some cognitive contribution.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D091

【引证文献】