论托克维尔平等思想

发布时间：2018-04-29 11:03

本文选题：托克维尔 + 平等精神　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：托克维尔在分析社会与政治问题时时刻扣住精神这一决定要素，而平等则既表现为人们的价值追求，也包含着人们在民主社会的精神状态。因而托克维尔非常注重对平等问题进行论述分析，他认为平等的诸多精神特质直接决定了民主社会的民情、革命的进展、专制的产生、政治制度的建构等等。基于此，本文准备以托克维尔的平等思想为关切对象，对托克维尔平等思想的产生、内容、价值、困境、研究现状等做一个梳理，并阐述自己对于托克维尔平等思想的看法。本文的第一部分是前言部分。此部分主要介绍了选题的来源、意义，以及国内外的研究现状。第二部分写托克维尔平等思想的产生过程，包括托克维尔所处的时代背景、他本人的家庭背景、他的创作历程以及他与帕斯卡、孟德斯鸠、卢梭的理论渊源。第三部分写托克维尔平等思想的主要内容，首先写平等的重要性，亦即平等的必然到来；其次写平等作为一种精神在社会政治方面的决定作用，以及其所表现出来的功利主义与个人主义的精神特质的特点；第三写平等的弊端，亦即可以导致专制，，并仍然扣住功利主义与个人主义这些精神特质作为分析之根基；第四写托克维尔为平等精神的弊端开出的药方，即政治自由。第四部分总写托克维尔平等思想的价值与问题，价值方面包含托克维尔对于平等精神与政治平等的准确论断与描述，问题方面包含托克维尔的政治自由的可行性与托克维尔对于历史论断的准确性的，总而言之，是对托克维尔的以精神为本位的分析方法做出总结与质疑。
[Abstract]:When Tocqueville analyses social and political problems, he always holds the decisive factor of spirit, and equality is not only the pursuit of people's value, but also the spiritual state of people in democratic society. Therefore, Tocqueville pays much attention to the analysis of equality. He thinks that many spiritual characteristics of equality directly determine the democratic society, the progress of revolution, the emergence of autocracy, the construction of political system, and so on. Based on this, this paper intends to take Tocqueville's equality thought as the object of concern, to sort out the emergence, content, value, predicament and current situation of Tocqueville's equality thought, and to expound his own views on Tocqueville's equality thought. The first part of this paper is the preface. This part mainly introduces the origin and significance of the topic, as well as the status quo of domestic and foreign research. The second part describes the process of Tocqueville's equality thought, including the background of his time, his family background, his creative history and his theoretical origin with Pascal, Montesquieu and Rousseau. The third part describes the main contents of Tocqueville's equality thought, first, the importance of equality, that is, the inevitable coming of equality; secondly, the decisive role of equality as a spirit in social and political aspects. The third is the malpractice of equality, that is, it can lead to autocracy, and still hold these spiritual characteristics of utilitarianism and individualism as the basis of analysis. The fourth prescription written by Tocqueville for the malpractice of the spirit of equality, that is, political freedom. The fourth part is about the value and problem of Tocqueville's equal thought, which includes Tocqueville's accurate conclusion and description of equality spirit and political equality. The problem includes the feasibility of Tocqueville's political freedom and the accuracy of Tocqueville's historical judgment. In a word, it summarizes and questions Tocqueville's psycho-oriented analytical method.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D091

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