布托主义：温和的民族社会主义还是法西斯主义？

发布时间：2018-05-04 03:20

本文选题：巴基斯坦 + 布托主义　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：佐尔菲卡·阿里·布托(Zulficar Ali Bhutto)是活跃在上世纪六七十年代南亚政治舞台的政治家、外交家。他留在巴基斯坦现代历史上最深刻的印记就是他的布托主义’。对于布托主义的评价,国内外学术界存在多种不同的看法。比较有代表性的一种看法是,布托主义属于第三世界的民族社会主义。另外一种观点认为布托主义属于第三世界的法西斯主义。本文将结合巴基斯坦的实际,从民族主义、民粹主义以及议会民主制度这三个角度出发,对布托主义的理论与实践进行考察,以期证明第一、布托主义是一种温和的民族主义,他并不排斥巴基斯坦的非穆斯林民族、并非极端民族主义现象,布托本人是民族主义者,但是,他的民族主义的表现是捍卫本民族独立与支持其他被压迫民族的解放。第二、诚如多数学者指出布托主义是个民粹主义现象,但是它是关注解决巴基斯坦国内社会经济问题为主的民粹主义现象,没有操弄排外的民粹主义。第三、阿里·布托确实是认为实现社会经济变革是终极目的,议会民主制度只是手段,但是布托本人并没有背弃议会民主制度。在当时的巴基斯坦真正反对议会民主制度的是军事精英阶层而非民选政治家。总而言之,布托主义没有滑向法西斯主义,是一种温和的民族社会主义。
[Abstract]:Zulficar Ali Bhutto is a politician and diplomat active on the South Asian political stage in the 1960s and 1970s. His deepest imprint in Pakistan's modern history is his Bhutto doctrine. For the evaluation of Bhutto, there are many different views at home and abroad. A more representative view is that Bhutto belongs to the third World National Socialism. Another view is that Bhutto belongs to the fascism of the third world. This paper will examine the theory and practice of Bhutto from the perspectives of nationalism, populism and parliamentary democracy, in order to prove, first, that Bhutto is a moderate nationalism. He does not reject the non-Muslim people in Pakistan and is not a phenomenon of extreme nationalism. Bhutto himself is a nationalist, but his nationalist expression is to defend the independence of his nation and support the liberation of other oppressed nations. Second, as most scholars have pointed out, Bhutto is a populist phenomenon, but it is a populist phenomenon that focuses on solving the social and economic problems in Pakistan. Third, Ali Bhutto does believe that socio-economic change is the ultimate goal, parliamentary democracy is only a means, but Bhutto himself did not abandon the parliamentary democracy. It was the military elite, not elected politicians, who really opposed parliamentary democracy in Pakistan at the time. In short, the Bhutto doctrine did not slide to fascism, is a moderate national socialism.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091

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