行为、语言及其正当性——先秦诸子“类”思想辨析

发布时间：2018-06-07 05:34

本文选题：类 + 正当性　；参考：《中国社会科学》2013年11期

【摘要】："类"观念的出现是理性觉醒的重要标志,以"正当性"或"言行的正确恰当"为视角,更利于把握诸子"类"思想的内涵与价值。诸子论"类"聚焦于言行并定向于正当性问题,与春秋以降建立新的社会政治秩序的现实需求和此间人文精神充分自觉的文化背景有关。墨子强调人们应遵循"义"和类名被正当使用的根据;孟荀指出正当行为可能的根源,一是行为的内在动机,另一则是外在的具有"统类"作用的礼义模式;法家则重在克服统治者的主观缺陷;庄子旨在揭示言论"是非"分类的非确定;后期墨家一方面通过揭示事物相似的界限来确定类名的正当用法,另一方面则强调言论"是非"分类的确定性使其正当与否成为可评判的。而这些思想不仅是逻辑的思想,更是政治与伦理的思想。
[Abstract]:The emergence of the concept of "class" is an important sign of rational awakening. From the perspective of "legitimacy" or "correct and appropriate words and deeds", it is more helpful to grasp the connotation and value of the thought of "class". The theory of "class" focuses on words and deeds and is directed to the issue of legitimacy, which is related to the realistic demand of establishing a new social and political order in the Spring and Autumn period and the cultural background of the humanistic spirit in this area. Mozi emphasizes that people should follow the basis of "righteousness" and the proper use of class names. Meng Xun points out that the possible root of proper behavior is the intrinsic motive of behavior and the external pattern of propriety with the function of "unification". On the other hand, Legalists focused on overcoming the subjective defects of the rulers; Zhuangzi aimed to reveal the uncertainty of the classification of "right and wrong" of speech; on the one hand, Mohism determined the proper use of class names by revealing similar boundaries of things. On the other hand, the certainty of the classification of speech "right and wrong" makes it justiciable or not. These thoughts are not only logical thoughts, but also political and ethical thoughts.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：D092

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