论科学与人生观论战的思想史意义

发布时间：2018-06-29 07:14

本文选题：科学与人生观论战 + 科学　；参考：《湖北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学与人生观论战是20世纪思想史上一个非常重要的事件,它的发生有着深刻的国内、外背景。从国内背景上看,这场论战是自1840年以来中国向西方学习的一种延续和深化。从国外背景上看,该论战又受到了一战后西方反理性主义思潮的影响。而论战发生的直接原因则是张君劢于1923年2月14号在清华大学发表的关于“人生观”的演讲。在张君劢的演讲登报之后,其好友丁文江对该文中的诸多观点颇不满意,并随即发文进行了反驳。随后,两人在报纸上的辩论引起了当时国内许多知识分子的注意,他们纷纷就“人生观”问题发表自己的观点,由此,论战全面爆发。后人将张君劢及他的支持者和丁文江及他的支持者分别称为“玄学派”和“科学派”,所以科学与人生观论战又称为“科玄论战”。在科玄论战发生的过程中,陈独秀和瞿秋白等人也就“人生观”问题发表了自己的观点及对科、玄两派诸人进行了评价,但是他们并未真正参与到论战中去。科学与人生观论战讨论的问题主要是：“科学是否能够支配人生观”与“科学是否万能”。科学派认为科学是能够支配人生观的和科学的万能是在于它的方法万能。玄学派对此则持否定态度,因为他们认为科学不能够解决人生中的情感和伦理问题。随着论战的深入,双方从讨论“人生观”问题逐渐深入到了传统文化是否能在中国的现代化建设中起作用的问题中来。其实,尽管论战双方观点不一样,但还是有些相同之处的。第他们所针对的对像都是当时的青年学生。第二、他们都受到了传统文化思维模式的影响,认为思想变革是其它社会变革的先决条件。科学与人生观论战对当时的影响也是深远的。首先,在这场论战后,科学主义意识形态化,无论何种团体都用其来为自己的行为进行辩护,从而披上合法性的外衣。其次,由于科学方法的引入,考据学获得了极大的发展。最后,论战扩大了科学知识传播的范围,使科学观念更加深入人心,这样更有利于当时的国人接受西方的现代化观念。今天,我们回顾这场论战,能从中获得许多有益于现今中国现代化的启示。首先,我们仍然要加大科学知识的普及,使科学观念更加深入人心。但是,在传播科学知识的过程中,要防止科学主义的产生。其次,要以客观的态度对待传统文化,真正做到吸其精华,去其糟粕。
[Abstract]:The controversy between science and life is a very important event in the history of thought in the 20 ~ (th) century. From the domestic background, this controversy is a continuation and deepening of China's learning from the West since 1840. From the perspective of foreign background, the controversy was influenced by the western anti-rationalism trend after the first World War. The direct cause of the controversy was Zhang Junmai's speech on outlook on life at Tsinghua University on February 14, 1923. After Zhang Junmai's speech appeared in the newspaper, his good friend Ding Wenjiang was dissatisfied with many of the views in the article and then issued a rebuttal. Subsequently, the debate in the newspaper attracted the attention of many intellectuals at that time, they one after another on the issue of "outlook on life", thus, the debate broke out. Later generations called Zhang Junmai and his supporters Ding Wenjiang and his supporters "metaphysical school" and "scientific school" respectively, so the controversy between science and life was also called "science and metaphysical debate". In the course of the debate on science and metaphysics, Chen Duxiu and Qu Qiubai also expressed their own views on the issue of "outlook on life" and appraised them, but they did not really participate in the debate. The main issues discussed in the debate between science and outlook on life are: whether science can dominate the outlook on life and whether science is omnipotent. The science school thinks that science is able to dominate the outlook on life and that the omnipotence of science lies in the omnipotence of its methods. Metaphysical schools deny this because they believe that science cannot solve emotional and ethical problems in life. With the deepening of the controversy, the discussion of "outlook on life" between the two sides gradually went deep into the question of whether traditional culture can play a role in the modernization of China. In fact, although the two sides of the controversy views are not the same, but there are some similarities. First, they are targeting young students at that time. Second, they are influenced by the traditional cultural mode of thinking and think that ideological change is a prerequisite for other social changes. The controversy between science and life also had a profound impact on that time. First, after this debate, scientism ideology, no matter what groups use it to justify their actions, thus putting on the coat of legitimacy. Secondly, because of the introduction of scientific methods, textual research has been greatly developed. Finally, the controversy expanded the scope of the spread of scientific knowledge, and made the scientific concept more popular, which was more conducive to the acceptance of the western modern concept by the people at that time. Today, looking back at this debate, we can get a lot of enlightenment for the modernization of China today. First of all, we still need to increase the popularization of scientific knowledge, so that the concept of science more popular. However, in the process of spreading scientific knowledge, we should prevent the emergence of scientism. Secondly, we should treat traditional culture objectively and really absorb its essence and discard its dross.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B261

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