梁启超政党思想与实践研究（1895-1914）

发布时间：2018-06-30 03:05

本文选题：梁启超 + 政党思想　；参考：《西北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：梁启超是中国近现代著名的政治家、思想家、中国资产阶级政党的创始人之一。他的政党思想对于传播西方政党学说，，促进中国政党的发育和成长产生了重要作用。他的政党实践活动对于促进中国政治民主化进程起了巨大的推动作用。所以本文对梁启超的政党思想与实践做了较为系统性的研究。研究梁启超政党思想萌生的时代背景和条件，以说明其思想产生的必然性和合理性。对他一生政治活动黄金时期的政党思想与政党活动给予了较为全面和深刻的剖析，以探究其政党思想的核心内涵，以及对他政党活动的指导意义。以及从他的政党活动中找寻其政党思想和政党实践活动的矛盾与脱节之处。最后揭示梁启超政党思想与实践的进步性和局限性。本文第一章主要介绍了梁启超政党思想的时代背景和条件。梁启超的政党思想萌生于阶级矛盾激化与民族危机空前加深的近代中国；民族资本主义与民族资产阶级的产生和发展为梁启超政党思想的产生提供了必要的经济条件和阶级基础；西方政党学说的广泛传播为梁启超政党思想的产生提供了思想理论条件；清朝中央政治权威的衰败为梁启超政党思想的产生提供了较为宽松的政治环境。第二章系统的论述了梁启超的政党思想。其中包括梁启超对政党定义的设定；对真政党标准的设定及其梁启超的政党政治思想。梁启超的政党政治思想主要包括：主张实行政党政治；思考政党发展与政党政治实施的条件；评析政党竞争。第三章主要阐述了梁启超在民国建立之前以及民国建立之初的政党实践活动。梁启超在民国建立之前的政党实践活动主要是发起成立政治团体以推动变法救亡运动；积极组建政党以推动立宪运动。梁启超在民国建立之初的政党实践活动主要是组建大政党与国民党相抗衡以实现两党政治；拥护袁世凯以实现民主宪政。第四章对梁启超的政党思想以及政党实践活动进行了全面、公正、客观地评价。以正确认识梁启超政党思想在中国近代政党史上的地位及作用。梁启超政党思想与实践的进步意义在于：推动了中国近代资产阶级民主政治发展；开启民智提高国民的政治意识与政治觉悟；为后继者提供了宝贵的政党理论与实践经验。梁启超政党思想与实践的局限性在于：政党思想与政党实践脱离了人民群众；政党思想与政党实践存在深刻矛盾；政党思想脱离了实际国情。
[Abstract]:Liang Qichao is a famous statesman, thinker and founder of Chinese bourgeois party. His party thought played an important role in spreading western party theory and promoting the development and growth of Chinese political party. His party practice has played an important role in promoting the process of political democratization in China. Therefore, this paper makes a systematic study on Liang Qichao's party thought and practice. In order to explain the inevitability and rationality of Liang Qichao's political party thought, this paper studies the background and conditions of its emergence. In order to probe into the core connotation of his political party thought and the guiding significance of his party activity, this paper gives a more comprehensive and profound analysis of his political party thought and party activity in the golden period of his life. And find out the contradiction and disconnection between his party thought and political party practice from his party activities. Finally, it reveals the progress and limitation of Liang Qichao's party thought and practice. The first chapter introduces the background and conditions of Liang Qichao's party thought. The political party thought of Liang Qichao originates from modern China, where the class contradiction intensifies and the national crisis deepens unprecedentedly. The emergence and development of national capitalism and national bourgeoisie provided the necessary economic conditions and class basis for the emergence of Liang Qichao party ideology. The widespread spread of the western theory of political parties provided the ideological and theoretical conditions for the generation of Liang Qichao's party thoughts, and the decline of the central political authority of the Qing Dynasty provided a relatively loose political environment for the emergence of Liang Qichao's party thoughts. The second chapter systematically discusses Liang Qichao's party thought. It includes the definition of political party by Liang Qichao, the standard of real political party and Liang Qichao's party political thought. Liang Qichao's party political thought mainly includes: advocating party politics; pondering the conditions of political party development and party politics implementation; evaluating political party competition. The third chapter mainly expounds the practice of political parties before Liang Qichao was established and at the beginning of the Republic of China. Before the founding of the Republic of China, Liang Qichao initiated the establishment of political organizations to promote the reform of the movement to save the nation, and actively set up political parties to promote the constitutionalism movement. In the early years of the Republic of China, Liang Qichao's party practice was mainly to set up a big political party to compete with the Kuomintang in order to realize the two-party politics, and to support Yuan Shikai to realize democratic constitutionalism. Chapter four gives a comprehensive, fair and objective evaluation of Liang Qichao's party thought and party practice. In order to correctly understand the status and role of Liang Qichao's party thought in the history of modern Chinese political parties. The progressive significance of Liang Qichao's political party thought and practice lies in: promoted the development of modern Chinese bourgeois democratic politics; opened the people's wisdom to raise the national political consciousness and political consciousness; provided valuable party theory and practical experience for successors. The limitation of Liang Qichao's party thought and practice lies in: the political party thought and the political party practice have separated from the people; the political party thought and the political party practice have the profound contradiction; the political party thought has deviated from the actual national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

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