论《吕氏春秋》中的大一统思想

发布时间：2018-07-05 03:04

本文选题：法天地 + 大一统　；参考：《中共中央党校》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：中华民族独特的地理位置决定了我们是一个以农业赖以为生的民族，因此也决定了“天”在我们的生存文化中的绝对重要性。天人关系更是悠远几千年始终贯穿中华文化的主线。天人关系亦是先秦哲学的基础问题。从人类绝对服从于天、命运为天主宰，转变为将天人看作统一的有机整体、以天人合一为目标来实现理想的人生、政治、社会状态是先秦诸子百家共同的追求。《吕氏春秋》成书于秦灭周、即将统一天下之际，由当时的主政者秦相国吕不韦主持发布，有目的、成体系地对上古流传至此、诸子百家众说纷纭的天人思想进行了系统的梳理、自发的拓展以及权威的总结，既是为秦实现大一统前的政治舆论准备，也是对先秦天人思想的一次大总结。《吕氏春秋》以“法天地”为指导思想，以重建“古之清世”为政治目标，，以《十二纪》为主体，《八览》、《六论》为附论，构架了以天人关系为核心的天下大一统国家的施政纲领。《十二纪》即是吕不韦仿照五帝三皇的政治思想重新修订的历法。修订历法，其隐含的重点正是统一六国，重建大一统王权政治。《吕氏春秋》创造性地建立了一个完整的宇宙体系，它采用阴阳的概念来描述了天地生成、万物由来的宇宙起源。所有的自然变化和社会活动，以四时配五行、五色、五帝、五神、五虫、五音、十二律、五数、五味、五臭的原理，全都被配置到天地这个整体框架之中，以喻“大一统”是“法天地”的必然结果。《吕氏春秋》花大力气创立这个自然宇宙体系的最终用意是以宇宙的统一本质为其推行的政治统一奠定不可撼动的价值依据，《吕氏春秋》沿着西周民意即天意的观念，进一步把德治与民本政治思想与阴阳消息灾异联系起来，把天人感应的功能进一步放大，开创性地建立了一个政治与天的感应系统。其最重要的两个政治价值—是以五德终始来解释大一统王权的合法更替；二是监督告诫，对没有边界的大一统王权构成限制。《吕氏春秋》是吕不韦为秦国统一精心设计的大一统王权政治模型。这个模型以大一统为前提，以民本思想为基础，以开放的姿态塑造了一个政治理想国。以自然理论为基础构建政治纲领，这是《吕氏春秋》的独创。这种模式直接为董仲舒所继承，建立了儒家政治的思想架构，在中国传承两千年。它也是对前秦诸子百家思想的大总结，标志着战国百家争鸣的结束和统一的封建文化的开始，对秦汉政治及董仲舒儒学的影响深远。
[Abstract]:The unique geographical location of the Chinese nation determines that we are a nation that depends on agriculture, and therefore the absolute importance of "heaven" in our living culture. The relationship between man and nature runs through the main line of Chinese culture for thousands of years. The relationship between Heaven and Man is also the foundation of the philosophy of the pre-Qin Dynasty. From the absolute obedience of human beings to heaven, the fate of heaven is the master of heaven, to regard heaven and man as an organic whole, and to realize the ideal life, politics, with the goal of the unity of nature and man. The social state is the common pursuit of all the hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period. "Lu's Spring and Autumn period" was written in the Qin Dynasty, and when the world was about to be unified, it was issued by Lu Buwei, then the ruler of Qin Xiangguo, with a purpose and a systematic spread to the ancient times. The ideas of Heaven and Man, which are divided among various schools of thought, have been systematically combed out, the spontaneous expansion and the summary of authority have been prepared for the political public opinion before the unification of the Qin Dynasty. It is also a great summary of the thought of Heaven and Man in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. "Lu's Spring and Autumn period" takes "Dharma and Heaven" as the guiding ideology, "the Qing Dynasty of Ancient China" as the political goal, "the Twelve period" as the main body, "eight Books" as the main body, and "the six theories" as the annex. The administration program of a unified country with the relationship between heaven and man as its core was set up. The Twelve period was a rerevised calendar of Lu Bu-wei 's political thought modelled on the five emperors and three emperors. The implicit emphasis of the revision of the calendar is the unification of the six countries and the re-establishment of Wang Quan politics. Lu's Spring and Autumn creatively established a complete cosmic system, which uses the concept of yin and yang to describe the generation of heaven and earth. The origin of the universe. All the natural changes and social activities, with the principle of five elements, five colors, five emperors, five gods, five insects, five sounds, twelve laws, five numbers, five tastes, five stinks, are all allocated to the whole framework of heaven and earth at 04:00. "Unification" is the inevitable result of "Dharma and Heaven". The ultimate intention of creating this natural cosmic system with great effort is to lay an unshakable value for the political unity promoted by the Unification essence of the Universe. According to, "Lu's Spring and Autumn" followed the idea that public opinion in the Western Zhou Dynasty was the will of Heaven. Further linking the political thought of rule by virtue and the people's political thought with the information disaster of Yin and Yang, further amplifying the function of heaven and man's induction, and establishing a system of politics and heaven's induction in a groundbreaking way. Its two most important political values are to use the five virtues to explain the legal replacement of the unified Wang Quan, and the second is to supervise and admonish. The "Lu's Spring and Autumn" is the Wang Quan political model designed by Lu Bowei for the unification of Qin Dynasty. This model is based on the idea of people-oriented and an open attitude to shape a political idealism. It is the original creation of Lu's Spring and Autumn period to construct a political program based on the theory of nature. This model was inherited directly by Dong Zhongshu, and established the ideological framework of Confucian politics, inheriting 2000 years in China. It is also a great summary of the hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin Dynasty, which marks the end of a hundred schools of thought in the warring States and the beginning of a unified feudal culture. It has a profound influence on the politics of the Qin and Han dynasties and on the Confucianism of Dong Zhongshu.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D092

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