灾后抢险物资配送的优化研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 12:18
【摘要】：当重大天然灾害发生时,不但造成人民生命财产的重大损失,并且对国家的经济发展造成负面的影响。虽然灾害造成的损害无可避免,但是若能于灾前做好防灾准备与规划,灾害发生后能迅速搜集灾区信息,实时、有效地将救灾资源送达灾区,进行灾后救助,却能将伤害程度降到最低。因此有效的救灾资源配送系统的规划,将决定救灾工作的绩效。 每当重大灾害发生时,决策者必须在极短时间内将救灾人员与救灾器材与物资做出适当的调度,以求有效的降低灾区人员与财产的损失。以往抢险物资的调派常以人工经验为之,但经验调派却缺乏系统最佳化的分析,故决策虽可行,但并非最佳及最有效率的决策。因此,本研究针对实务上考虑抢险物资的稀少性及物资运送的急迫性,构建一个灾后抢险物资配送的模型,帮助决策者于最短时间内决定最有效率的抢险物资调派的配送问题。 本研究利用时空网络的流动技巧,分别构建抢险车流时空网络及抢险物资物流时空网络。在物流时空网络中依物资性质的不同,以多重时空网络构建多重抢险物资的物流网络,以每一种抢险物资对应一层时空网络,并以每一抢险物资时空网络与车流时空网络相对应。在此两个时空网络的设计上,本研究以整数流动方式定义卡车与物资在时空网络中的配送,再在此两个网络流动间加上实务的限制,以符合实际的抢险物资载运作业方式。本研究并利用LINGO8.0软件来求解模型。最后,本研究模拟某次台风来袭,以防汛抢险器材物资仓库的实际资料为例,合理假设灾害发生情形,进行算例分析,并比较本研究的模型与人工经验指派方式的效益,结果显示成效良好。最后,本研究更进一步通过敏感度分析,了解各参数对目标值变化的影响,进而使决策者对灾后抢险物资的调派做最适当的决策。
[Abstract]:When a major natural disaster occurs, it not only causes great loss of people's life and property, but also has a negative impact on the country's economic development. Although the damage caused by a disaster is inevitable, if the disaster can be prepared and planned before the disaster, the information of the disaster area can be collected quickly after the disaster, and the disaster relief resources can be effectively delivered to the disaster area in real time to carry out post-disaster relief. It minimizes damage. Therefore, the effective planning of disaster relief resources distribution system will determine the performance of disaster relief work. In order to reduce the loss of disaster personnel and property, the decision-makers must make appropriate dispatch of disaster relief personnel and materials in a very short period of time when a major disaster occurs in order to effectively reduce the loss of personnel and property in the disaster area. In the past, manual experience was often used in the dispatch of emergency supplies, but there was a lack of systematic optimization analysis. Therefore, decision making was feasible, but not the best and most efficient decision. Therefore, considering the scarcity of emergency materials and the urgency of material delivery in practice, this study constructs a model for the distribution of emergency materials after disaster, which helps the decision makers decide the most efficient distribution of emergency supplies in the shortest time. In this study, the space-time network of emergency vehicle flow and the space-time network of material logistics were constructed by using the flow skills of space-time network. In the logistics space-time network, according to the nature of the material, the logistics network is constructed with the multi-layer space-time network, and each kind of emergency material corresponds to a layer of space-time network. And each emergency goods and space-time network and vehicle flow space-time network corresponding. In the design of these two space-time networks, this study defines the distribution of trucks and materials in the space-time network by integer flow, and then adds practical restrictions between the two networks, in order to meet the actual operation mode of carrying goods and materials in emergency. In this paper, LINGO8.0 software is used to solve the model. Finally, this study simulates the impact of a typhoon, taking the actual data of the material warehouse of flood prevention and rescue equipment as an example, reasonably supposing the occurrence of the disaster, making a calculation analysis, and comparing the benefits of the model and the artificial experience assignment method. The results show good results. Finally, through sensitivity analysis, the influence of each parameter on the target value is understood, and the decision maker can make the most appropriate decision on the allocation of emergency materials after the disaster.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：O221;D035
本文编号：2307766
[Abstract]:When a major natural disaster occurs, it not only causes great loss of people's life and property, but also has a negative impact on the country's economic development. Although the damage caused by a disaster is inevitable, if the disaster can be prepared and planned before the disaster, the information of the disaster area can be collected quickly after the disaster, and the disaster relief resources can be effectively delivered to the disaster area in real time to carry out post-disaster relief. It minimizes damage. Therefore, the effective planning of disaster relief resources distribution system will determine the performance of disaster relief work. In order to reduce the loss of disaster personnel and property, the decision-makers must make appropriate dispatch of disaster relief personnel and materials in a very short period of time when a major disaster occurs in order to effectively reduce the loss of personnel and property in the disaster area. In the past, manual experience was often used in the dispatch of emergency supplies, but there was a lack of systematic optimization analysis. Therefore, decision making was feasible, but not the best and most efficient decision. Therefore, considering the scarcity of emergency materials and the urgency of material delivery in practice, this study constructs a model for the distribution of emergency materials after disaster, which helps the decision makers decide the most efficient distribution of emergency supplies in the shortest time. In this study, the space-time network of emergency vehicle flow and the space-time network of material logistics were constructed by using the flow skills of space-time network. In the logistics space-time network, according to the nature of the material, the logistics network is constructed with the multi-layer space-time network, and each kind of emergency material corresponds to a layer of space-time network. And each emergency goods and space-time network and vehicle flow space-time network corresponding. In the design of these two space-time networks, this study defines the distribution of trucks and materials in the space-time network by integer flow, and then adds practical restrictions between the two networks, in order to meet the actual operation mode of carrying goods and materials in emergency. In this paper, LINGO8.0 software is used to solve the model. Finally, this study simulates the impact of a typhoon, taking the actual data of the material warehouse of flood prevention and rescue equipment as an example, reasonably supposing the occurrence of the disaster, making a calculation analysis, and comparing the benefits of the model and the artificial experience assignment method. The results show good results. Finally, through sensitivity analysis, the influence of each parameter on the target value is understood, and the decision maker can make the most appropriate decision on the allocation of emergency materials after the disaster.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：O221;D035
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 陈树东;突发事件应急物流区域协调机制研究[D];南华大学;2012年
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