论托克维尔的公共精神观

发布时间：2018-11-13 12:00

【摘要】： 托克维尔作为19世纪的法国民主主义思想家,出身于贵族世家,生活在一个贵族社会向民主社会过渡的转型时代。凭借他那敏锐的观察与深刻的思索,托克维尔对民主社会的出现和发展进行了描绘与剖析。公共精神观即是他思考成果的一部分。本文试图以公共精神观为切入的角度,来解读托克维尔的相关思想意蕴。通过“疏离——聚合”这组命题,本文将循着托克维尔的思路,揭示公共精神在民主社会遭遇的困境,探讨公共精神在民主社会的培育途径。在民主社会,平等的普及,个人理性的张扬,个人主义畅行无阻。同时,个人在竞争性、流动性的社会环境中过分追求物质享受,沉迷于私人的小世界。诸种因素使民主社会的人具有“疏离”的倾向,公共精神遭到侵蚀。原子化的个人将会迎来一种新的专制。托克维尔认为,一个全新的社会,要有一门新的政治科学。面对人与人之间相互疏离的倾向,如何培育和习得公共精神,把民主社会的人“聚合”在一起,将是一门非常重要的学问。本文从托克维尔的思想观点中挖掘出了乡镇自治、结社、宗教、公民教育和“正确理解的利益”的原则等经验和方法,来培育人们的公共精神,使人们在生活实践中习得一种公共精神。通过这些经验和方法,人们摆脱相互独立、不相往来的惯性,而是相互作用,相互关联,进而明白共同体与公共利益的重要性。
[Abstract]:Tocqueville, a French democratic thinker in the 19 th century, came from a noble family and lived in a transitional period from an aristocratic society to a democratic society. With his keen observation and deep thinking, Tocqueville described and analyzed the emergence and development of a democratic society. The view of public spirit is a part of his thinking. This paper attempts to interpret Tocqueville's relevant thoughts from the perspective of public spirit. Through the proposition of "alienation-aggregation", this paper will follow Tocqueville's thinking, reveal the predicament of public spirit in democratic society, and probe into the way of cultivating public spirit in democratic society. In a democratic society, the spread of equality, the spread of personal rationality, individualism unimpeded. At the same time, individuals in competitive, mobile social environment, excessive pursuit of material enjoyment, indulging in the small private world. Various factors tend to alienate people in democratic society and erode public spirit. The atomized individual will usher in a new despotism. Tocqueville believes that a new society requires a new science of politics. In the face of the tendency of alienation between people, how to cultivate and acquire public spirit and bring together the people of democratic society will be a very important knowledge. This article excavates from Tocqueville's thought viewpoint the experience and method of township autonomy, association, religion, civic education and the principle of "correct understanding of interest" to cultivate the public spirit of people. Make people acquire a kind of public spirit in the practice of life. Through these experiences and methods, people can get rid of the inertia of independence and not contact with each other, but interact with each other, and then understand the importance of community and public interest.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D091.4

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