失序的自然与王权的危机：莎士比亚《理查三世》中的政治议题及其宇宙论关联

发布时间：2018-12-06 08:09

【摘要】："哥白尼革命"瓦解了亚里士多德—托勒密的传统宇宙图景,后者有限、封闭,但安全、稳靠、美丽甚至正义,而且,它是一个人类心灵可以理解的体系。所有这一切都被哥白尼开启的天文革命葬送了。革命粉碎了托勒密想象中的天球秩序,宇宙在一瞬间呈现出无限的本相,这首先意味着,尘世秩序失去了古老的宇宙论的支撑。"天" 一改美轮美奂的既有样貌,而呈现出种种不可索解的新天象。这就是莎士比亚笔下人间悲喜剧的宇宙论布景,在这块布景上,莎士比亚看到了灾异、变乱、狂暴、丑怪、不自然,乃至不正义。这是莎士比亚的最根本的视野,也是他的作品的前提。"王宫"是莎翁编织的大部分故事的发生地,它显然是尘世秩序的隐喻,也是世界的隐喻。与天象混乱平行存在的,是莎翁笔下"王宫"的极度不安全。哈姆雷特、麦克白、李尔王、理查三世……他们的王宫笼罩在阴谋、暗杀、篡夺的狂暴和神秘的气氛中,王权随暴力与机运沉浮流转,位居中心的尊位发生动摇乃至被废止,这强烈地暗合着哥白尼天文革命对尘世在宇宙中心的尊位的废止。莎士比亚的作品向世人提示,与传统宇宙论秩序一起坍塌的,还有延续了漫长时日的神圣的君主政治体制,暴君——自然秩序中的最大异物——应运而出。暴君是自然秩序的终结者,莎翁"王宫"的危险程度随着"暴君"的出现达到巅峰,横行的暴君与坍塌的宇宙秩序形成"后古代世界"的结构性同盟,向世人展示了一个即将带来的全新时代的根本处境。本文将以莎士比亚的历史剧《理查三世》为分析文本,对以上思路展开深度分析。
[Abstract]:The Copernican Revolution disintegrates Aristotle Ptolemy's traditional cosmic landscape, which is limited and closed, but safe, secure, beautiful and even just, and it is an understandable system of human hearts. All this was ruined by the astronomical revolution initiated by Copernicus. The revolution shattered Ptolemy's imagined order of the celestial sphere, and the universe took on an infinity in an instant, which, first of all, meant that the earthly order had lost the support of the ancient cosmology. " The "one day" changes the magnificent appearance, but presents all sorts of inexplicable new celestial phenomena. This is the cosmological setting of Shakespeare's human tragicomedy, in which Shakespeare sees disasters, upheavals, fury, ugliness, unnatural, and even injustice. This is Shakespeare's most fundamental vision and the premise of his works. The Palace is the place where most of the stories Shakespeare weaves are obviously metaphors of the earthly order and of the world. Parallel to the celestial chaos is the extreme insecurity of Shakespeare's royal palace. Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Richard III. Their royal palace is shrouded in the atmosphere of conspiracy, assassination, usurpation, and mystery. Wang Quan has shaken and even been abolished in the midst of violence and the ups and downs of opportunity. This strongly coincides with the abolition of the earthly primacy in the center of the universe by the Copernican astronomical revolution. Shakespeare's works suggest that, along with the traditional cosmological order, and the holiness of the monarchy that lasted for a long time, tyrants, the largest foreign bodies in the natural order, should be shipped out. The tyrant was the Terminator of the natural order, and the danger of Shakespeare's "palace" reached its peak with the emergence of the tyrant, and the tyranny formed a structural alliance of the "post-ancient world" with the collapsing cosmic order. To the world to show the fundamental situation of a new era to be brought about. This article will take Shakespeare's historical play Richard III as the analysis text, carries on the thorough analysis to the above thought.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091

【相似文献】