全球化背景下发展中国家制度借鉴探析
发布时间：2018-12-06 18:57
【摘要】：在全球化背景下，由于国与国之间交流的日益频繁，使发展中国家逐步认识到了自身同发达国家之间的差距，所以，发展中国家为了尽快赶上发达国家，在政治、经济等诸多制度上不断向发达国家学习，同时进行制度上的借鉴。制度借鉴在发展中国家也日益受到重视，成为发展本国政治、经济的有效方式。本文将从以下几个方面对发展中国家的制度借鉴进行论述。 第一部分主要论述制度的含义、特点、表现形式和制度借鉴的含义、类型、层次环节以及借鉴的可行性，为后文对制度借鉴的论述做铺垫。制度是以一定社会的物质生产条件为基础，建立在一定的经济、政治、思想文化状况之上的相对稳定的行为规范，它能够约束行为主体的行为使之符合某种要求，进而达到维护特定社会秩序的目的。其特点主要表现在制度是主观性和客观性的统一、保守性和开放性的统一、惩罚性和激励性的统一、普适性和具体性的统一。按其表现形式主要可以分为正式制度和非正式制度；制度借鉴即是某个制度或者一组制度从其原生地转移到其他环境并被实践的过程，它包括自主型和强制型两种类型。同时制度借鉴也涉及到两个层次的学习，其可行性首先表现在制度的竞争性其次表现在全球化促进了人们的交往能力及自身学习能力的发展。 第二部分将着重论述制度借鉴在政治发展中的原因。作用主要表现在以下三个方面：一、制度借鉴可以更广泛的推广不同政治价值；二、制度借鉴可以节省社会发展的制度创新成本；三，，制度借鉴可以为发展中国家的政治经济发展创造一个良好的国际环境；背景主要包括以下三方面的内容：一、全球化条件下发达国家的示范效应；二、发达国家的推销；三、人类生活中的共同追求也催生了制度的借鉴。 对发展中国家进行制度借鉴状况的分析构成了本文第三部分的内容。文章首先从发展中国家政治制度的建立开始论述，分析了发展中国家通过革命和民族解放运动建立的政体。总体来说发展中国家建立的政治制度主要呈现出以下特点：一、政治体制的多样性；二、借鉴上的模仿性；三、借鉴过程中的不稳定性；四、权力结构的集中性。 第四部分主要对发展中国家在制度借鉴过程中存在的缺陷和应该注意的问题进行系统分析。缺陷主要表现在以下三方面：一、制度借鉴不利于政治主体的自发性和主体性的发挥；二、制度借鉴可能忽略原有政治发展模式的限制；三、制度借鉴可能导致政治发展理性因素的过度放大。应该注意的问题主要有以下两方面：一、处理好制度借鉴与政治文化之间的关系；二、处理好制度借鉴和社会经济发展的关系。
[Abstract]:In the context of globalization and the increasing frequency of exchanges between countries, the developing countries have gradually realized the gap between themselves and the developed countries. Therefore, in order to catch up with the developed countries as soon as possible, the developing countries are in politics, The economy and many other institutions continue to learn from developed countries, and at the same time to learn from the system. Institutional reference has been paid more and more attention to in developing countries and has become an effective way to develop their own politics and economy. This article will discuss the system of developing countries from the following aspects. The first part mainly discusses the meaning of the system, characteristics, forms of expression and the meaning of institutional reference, types, levels of links and the feasibility of reference, which pave the way for the later discussion of institutional reference. The system is a relatively stable code of conduct based on the material production conditions of a certain society and based on certain economic, political, ideological and cultural conditions. It can restrain the behavior of the behavior subject and make it conform to certain requirements. In order to achieve the goal of maintaining a specific social order. Its main characteristics are the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, the unity of conservatism and openness, the unity of punishment and encouragement, the unity of universality and concreteness. According to its manifestation, it can be divided into formal institution and informal institution. Institutional reference is the process of transferring a certain institution or a group of institutions from its original place to other environment and being put into practice, which includes two types: autonomous type and compulsory type. At the same time, institutional reference also involves two levels of learning, the feasibility of which lies first in the competitiveness of institutions and secondly in the globalization that promotes the development of people's communicative ability and their own learning ability. The second part will focus on the reasons of system reference in political development. The main functions are as follows: first, institutional reference can promote different political values more widely; second, institutional reference can save the cost of institutional innovation in social development; Third, institutional reference can create a good international environment for the political and economic development of developing countries. The background mainly includes the following three aspects: first, the demonstration effect of developed countries under the condition of globalization, second, the marketing of developed countries; Third, the common pursuit of human life also gave birth to the institutional reference. The third part of this paper is based on the analysis of the institutional reference of developing countries. This paper first discusses the establishment of political system in developing countries and analyzes the political system established by revolution and national liberation movement in developing countries. Generally speaking, the political system established in the developing countries shows the following characteristics: first, the diversity of the political system; second, the imitation of the reference; third, the instability in the process of reference; fourth, the centralization of the power structure. The fourth part mainly analyzes the defects and problems that should be paid attention to in the process of developing countries' institutional reference. The defects are shown in the following three aspects: first, institutional reference is not conducive to the spontaneity and subjectivity of the political subject; second, institutional reference may ignore the limitations of the original political development model; Third, institutional reference may lead to excessive amplification of rational factors of political development. We should pay attention to the following two aspects: first, deal with the relationship between institutional reference and political culture; second, deal with the relationship between institutional reference and social and economic development.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D033
本文编号：2366498
[Abstract]:In the context of globalization and the increasing frequency of exchanges between countries, the developing countries have gradually realized the gap between themselves and the developed countries. Therefore, in order to catch up with the developed countries as soon as possible, the developing countries are in politics, The economy and many other institutions continue to learn from developed countries, and at the same time to learn from the system. Institutional reference has been paid more and more attention to in developing countries and has become an effective way to develop their own politics and economy. This article will discuss the system of developing countries from the following aspects. The first part mainly discusses the meaning of the system, characteristics, forms of expression and the meaning of institutional reference, types, levels of links and the feasibility of reference, which pave the way for the later discussion of institutional reference. The system is a relatively stable code of conduct based on the material production conditions of a certain society and based on certain economic, political, ideological and cultural conditions. It can restrain the behavior of the behavior subject and make it conform to certain requirements. In order to achieve the goal of maintaining a specific social order. Its main characteristics are the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, the unity of conservatism and openness, the unity of punishment and encouragement, the unity of universality and concreteness. According to its manifestation, it can be divided into formal institution and informal institution. Institutional reference is the process of transferring a certain institution or a group of institutions from its original place to other environment and being put into practice, which includes two types: autonomous type and compulsory type. At the same time, institutional reference also involves two levels of learning, the feasibility of which lies first in the competitiveness of institutions and secondly in the globalization that promotes the development of people's communicative ability and their own learning ability. The second part will focus on the reasons of system reference in political development. The main functions are as follows: first, institutional reference can promote different political values more widely; second, institutional reference can save the cost of institutional innovation in social development; Third, institutional reference can create a good international environment for the political and economic development of developing countries. The background mainly includes the following three aspects: first, the demonstration effect of developed countries under the condition of globalization, second, the marketing of developed countries; Third, the common pursuit of human life also gave birth to the institutional reference. The third part of this paper is based on the analysis of the institutional reference of developing countries. This paper first discusses the establishment of political system in developing countries and analyzes the political system established by revolution and national liberation movement in developing countries. Generally speaking, the political system established in the developing countries shows the following characteristics: first, the diversity of the political system; second, the imitation of the reference; third, the instability in the process of reference; fourth, the centralization of the power structure. The fourth part mainly analyzes the defects and problems that should be paid attention to in the process of developing countries' institutional reference. The defects are shown in the following three aspects: first, institutional reference is not conducive to the spontaneity and subjectivity of the political subject; second, institutional reference may ignore the limitations of the original political development model; Third, institutional reference may lead to excessive amplification of rational factors of political development. We should pay attention to the following two aspects: first, deal with the relationship between institutional reference and political culture; second, deal with the relationship between institutional reference and social and economic development.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D033
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