清教对科学的推动作用探析

发布时间：2018-01-14 23:06

本文关键词：清教对科学的推动作用探析　出处：《福州大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宗教所倡导的文化曾经是占主导地位的文化观念。正是这种占主导地位的文化价值所包含的某些有利于科学发展的因素不断的影响科学的发展。本文对默顿关于清教与科学之间的相互作用的有关理论进行梳理，进一步揭示凝结在清教文化价值观里的思想感情如何引导人们趋向或远离科学事业。为了理清清教与科学之间的互动模式，默顿深入研究赋予神学理论思想感情的思想、信念和行动。这些思想、信念和行动通过语言与行为等方式表达了强烈的思想感情，并在相当程度上影响着人们的价值取向与社会行动。清教伦理所体现出的精神气质与近代科学的思想方式在功利主义与理性主义等方面取得了一致。这种文化上的一致性使得科学活动具有了崇高的社会声望。清教主义为科学的发展提供了文化观念上的支持与辩护。清教主义所宣扬的与科学内在气质一致的文化理念成为了科学发展的动力。宗教在改革过程中“无意识”的使得清教主义引导世俗社会观念对科学的态度发生转变，并促进了科学的发展。默顿通过对清教与科学的考察，在宗教与科学“完全对立”概念盛行的时代告诉人们，仅仅看到二者的对立关系是片面的。重温默顿的研究成果并从科学社会学视角认识宗教与科学的关系，有利于人们对二者的关系有个更加全面与客观的认识，二者在特定的时期里存在统一性，甚至在某些方面起着相互促进的关系。而正确认识二者的这一关系，促进宗教与科学的和谐发展，在建设社会主义和谐文化，构建社会主义和谐社会的新时期具有特别的意义。此外，清教主义对科学发展的作用同时具有负功能和正功能，也兼具显功能和潜功能。因此，，本文认为人们应该在正确认识二者关系的基础上，从宗教中吸收有益的人文精神和有益价值观，运用宗教所宣扬的“善”的理念来规范科学的发展。科学的本性是求“真”，而宗教有求“善”的一面，应将两者的合理成分相融合，使科学在发展的过程中免于步入歧途。这将有助于处理好科学与社会其它子系统的和谐发展。这在构建和谐社会时期具有更加特殊的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The culture advocated by religion used to be the dominant cultural concept. It is this dominant cultural value that contains some factors conducive to the development of science that constantly influence the development of science. The theory of the interaction between Puritanism and science is combed. It further reveals how the thoughts and feelings condensed in Puritan cultural values can lead people to move towards or away from scientific undertakings, in order to clarify the interaction between Puritanism and science. Merton deeply studies the thoughts, beliefs, and actions that endow theological thoughts and feelings. These thoughts, beliefs and actions express strong thoughts and feelings through language and behavior. And to a certain extent affect people's value orientation and social action. The spiritual temperament embodied in puritanism ethics is consistent with modern scientific thinking in utilitarianism and rationalism. This kind of cultural consistency makes scientific activities have a lofty social prestige. Protestantism provides cultural support and justification for the development of science. Puritanism's cultural concept, which is consistent with the inherent temperament of science, has become the driving force for the development of science. Religion is in the process of reform. " The unconscious makes Puritanism lead to the change of attitude towards science in secular society. And promoted the development of science. Merton told people through the study of Puritanism and science that the concept of "complete opposition" between religion and science was prevailing. It is one-sided to only see the opposite relationship between them. Reviewing Merton's research results and understanding the relationship between religion and science from the perspective of sociology of science will help people to have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the relationship between them. There is unity between the two in a certain period, and even in some aspects, the relationship between them is mutually promoted, while the correct understanding of this relationship between the two promotes the harmonious development of religion and science, and the construction of socialist harmonious culture. The new period of constructing socialist harmonious society has special significance. In addition, Puritanism has both negative and positive functions to the development of science, as well as obvious functions and latent functions. Therefore, this paper holds that people should understand the relationship between the two on the basis of correct understanding. To absorb beneficial humanistic spirit and beneficial values from religion, and to standardize the development of science by using the concept of "good" advocated by religion. The nature of science is to seek "truth", while religion has the side of seeking "good". The reasonable components of the two should be combined. This will help to deal with the harmonious development of science and other subsystems of society, which has more special practical significance in the period of building a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B920

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