施善与神明

发布时间：2018-02-06 02:30

本文关键词： 善士宗教儒家思想果报信仰　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：江南地区素来有着乐善好施的传统,自明清以来,江南的慈善事业高度发展。随着朝廷官方和儒家精英的提倡,加之整个社会“上行下效”的共同努力,有清以来,善书及其所宣扬的儒家通俗伦理与感应果报的信仰非常迅速地在社会各个阶层得到推广渗透。伴随着善书的大量出现,善会善堂的兴起,清代的江南儒者士人逐渐形成了一条劝善谱系。在中华帝国晚期,王朝的统治基础日趋动摇,呈现出“日之将夕,悲风骤至”的乱世景象,不仅身为上层精英的士大夫们纷纷寻求拯救危局之策,居于“中层”的地方士绅也以经世救民为己任。甚至可以说,地方士绅在维护基层社会稳定、重整道德秩序方面,较之上层士大夫扮演着更为重要的角色。同时,在明清善士的思想中,儒家伦理与经世济民之理想是和超自然的感应信仰交织在一起的,他们在挽救世道人心的过程中亦注重积累自身功德。通过研究彭绍升、潘曾沂、余治、严辰、经元善等江南善士的劝善活动与思想信仰,对于我们了解鬼神信仰、感应果报等宗教因素在清代儒者生活世界中所占比重,考察儒家世俗化的进程以及民间劝善运动的本质有着重要意义。
[Abstract]:Jiangnan area has always had the tradition of charity, since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the charity in Jiangnan has developed highly. Along with the government official and the Confucian elite advocated, coupled with the whole society "good and effective" joint efforts. Since the Qing Dynasty, the good books and the Confucian popular ethics and the belief of the result of feeling the result have been spread and infiltrated very quickly in all social strata. With the emergence of the good books, the good society and the good church rose very quickly. The Confucian scholars in the south of the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty gradually formed a pedigree of persuasion. In the late period of the Chinese Empire, the ruling foundation of the dynasty became increasingly shaky, showing the turbulent scene of "the day passed, the sad wind suddenly arrived", not only the literati and officials, who were the elite of the upper class, sought to save the crisis one after another. The local gentry living in the "middle level" also took the task of managing the world and saving the people as their own duty. It can even be said that the local gentry maintained social stability at the grass-roots level and reformed the moral order. At the same time, the Confucian ethics and the ideal of benefiting the people were intertwined with the supernatural inductive beliefs in the thought of the good scholars in the Ming and Qing dynasties. They also pay attention to the accumulation of their own merit in the process of saving the hearts and minds of the world. Through the study of Peng Shaosheng, Pan Zengyi, Yu Zhi, Yan Chen, Jing Yuan Shan and other Jiangnan good people's activities and ideological beliefs, we understand the belief of ghosts and gods. The proportion of religious factors in the life world of Confucianism in Qing Dynasty is very important to investigate the process of Confucian secularization and the essence of folk movement to persuade good people.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K25;B933

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