浅析基督教会在欧洲中世纪大学兴起中的作用

发布时间：2018-05-26 13:22

本文选题：基督教会 + 中世纪　；参考：《华东师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：12世纪，大学兴起于欧洲，并迅速发展，到13世纪达到巅峰。虽然随着中世纪的衰落，大学也进入了一段低落的时期，但最终却能伫立于中世纪的废墟之上，浴火重生。当教会、帝国、庄园、城堡、骑士、贵妇、与行吟诗人都风流云散之后，大学依然近乎原汁原味地保留在现代社会之中，发挥着重要的影响。 “大学不仅仅是一所教授一定数量学科的学校，而是最如实、最具有代表性地反映这个时期的机构，甚至可以说强于教会和封建制度。”大学是中世纪原创的机构，它以一种相对以往而言的全新的方式组织起来，成为稳定的、有规律可循的、非个人化的机构，走上持续发展的道路，并塑造出了一种新的学术生活风格，这在之前的历史上不曾出现并延续至今。相对于大学的重要地位，在相当长的时期内对大学的研究是不足的，大学与中世纪尤其是教会的关系也往往被忽视，甚至扭曲。尤其是在中国国内的学术界，很多研究人员还局限于传统的历史观，将中世纪视做“黑暗的时代”，将中世纪欧洲的基督教会视为黑暗、愚昧势力的代表，由此出发研究大学，，扭曲了大学的形象，在很多研究者的笔下，大学往往成为它所属时代的异类甚至对立面。中世纪作为一个独特的时代，连接了欧洲古典文明与现代文明。它又不仅仅是一个简单的过渡时代，自身也对近现代社会的诞生做出很多必不可少的贡献，大学就是一个最好的例子。教会在这一时代中起着至关重要的作用，认清教会与中世纪大学的关系在对大学的研究中是一个基本问题，是解决很多相关问题的基础，也是当前大学研究中的一个空白点，本文试图对这一问题作一个试探性的研究。基督教起源于以信仰为核心的希伯来文化，在中世纪开始之前，基督教经过长期与古希腊、古罗马文化的碰撞、交融，带有理性精神的古典文化被大量的吸纳、利用和改造，当中世纪的大幕拉开的时候，古典文化完全崩溃，基督教成为了保存和传播古典文化火种的唯一文明承载者。在大学兴起之前，传统上教育由教会管理。在大学的逐渐形成和发展的过程中，教会对大学从多方面加以扶持、保护和规范。教会的最高领导人——教皇坚定的保护新生的大学，不但在大学与地方政权甚至君主发生冲突时支持大学，在大学与地方教会组织或个别教会人员发生摩擦时也经常站在大学的一边。教皇还
[Abstract]:In the 12 th century, universities rose in Europe, developed rapidly, and peaked in the 13 th century. With the decline of the Middle Ages, the university entered a period of depression, but finally stood on the ruins of the Middle Ages, bath fire rebirth. When churches, empires, manors, castles, knights, noblemen, and walkers were scattered, universities remained almost authentic in modern society and played an important role. "A university is not just a school that teaches a certain number of subjects, but the most truthful and representative of the institutions of this period, even stronger than the church and feudalism." The university was an original institution in the Middle Ages, and it was organized in a new way, more than ever before, and became a stable, regular, impersonal institution on the path of sustainable development. And created a new style of academic life, which did not appear in previous history and continue to this day. Relative to the importance of the university, the research on the university is insufficient for a long time, and the relationship between the university and the Middle Ages, especially the church, is often ignored or even distorted. Especially in the academic circles in China, many researchers also confined themselves to the traditional view of history, and regarded the Middle Ages as the "dark times" and the Christian churches in medieval Europe as representatives of the dark and ignorant forces, so they set out to study universities. It distorts the image of the university. In many researchers' works, the university often becomes the opposite of its era. The Middle Ages, as a unique era, connected European classical civilization with modern civilization. It is not only a simple transitional era, but also a lot of essential contributions to the birth of modern society. University is the best example. Church plays a vital role in this era. Recognizing the relationship between church and medieval universities is a basic problem in the study of universities, is the basis for solving many related problems, and is also a blank spot in current university research. This paper attempts to make a tentative study of this problem. Christianity originated from the Hebrew culture with faith as its core. Before the beginning of the Middle Ages, Christianity was absorbed, utilized and reformed by a large number of classical cultures with rational spirit after a long period of collision with ancient Greek and Roman cultures. When the curtain opened in the Middle Ages, classical culture collapsed completely, and Christianity became the only carrier of civilization to preserve and spread the fire of classical culture. Before the rise of universities, education was traditionally managed by the church. In the process of the formation and development of the university, the church supports, protects and regulates the university from many aspects. The church's supreme leader, the pope, was determined to protect freshmen's universities, supporting them not only when they clashed with local authorities or even monarchs, Universities are also often on the side of universities when they have friction with local church organizations or individual church personnel. The Pope also
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：G649.5;B979.5

【引证文献】