近三十五年中国海岸线变化及其驱动力因素分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 04:13

本文关键词：近三十五年中国海岸线变化及其驱动力因素分析　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岸带是海洋与陆地相互作用的区域,拥有丰富的资源与优越的区位条件,但随着人类活动的加剧,面临着严峻的挑战。尤其在中国,改革开放以来随着经济的快速发展,使得沿海地区承受着巨大的社会与自然双重压力。为了确保对沿海地区的可持续开发利用,对海岸线资源特性的了解以及海岸线变迁过程与特征的研究是很有必要的。基于Landsat遥感影像提取了 1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年中国大陆海岸线,并结合海图与野外调查数据进行精度检验。在此基础上选取长江口-杭州湾河口区为典型的研究区域,基于资源-过程-响应模型,结合社会经济与生态环境资料,进行了海岸线变迁驱动力因素研究。在此过程中得到如下主要结论:(1)基于B-L曲线的河海划界。河口是一个复杂而独特的区域,很难找到一个合适的指标体系作为河海划界参数,但基于B-L曲线(B为河岸宽度,L为沿河流中心线距离原点的长度)的河海划界能较好的综合各个指标,通过简单操作寻找到河流入海地形节点。并使用此方法对各类河口进行河海划界,结果表明:沙坝或堵塞河口其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在-0.5到0之间;过渡型河口及河道形状河口其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在0.5到1.2之间;河口湾型河口的地形节点处的河流展宽速率在0.6到1.5之间;喇叭状三角洲型河口,其地形节点处的河流展宽速率在1.2到4.5之间。应用此方法对我国大陆入海河流进行河海划界,并进行海岸线长度量算,取得良好效果。.(2)全国岸线变化特征。在近三十五年内,由于中国大陆海岸线大量开发为港口码头、养殖区、盐田与农田等,使得海岸线总长度呈现持续增长趋势,海岸线的开发利用强度持续增加。而海岸线开发利用强度的空间分异具有,整体北方高于于南方,河口区域等.易开发岸段的开发利用强度,高于山地丘陵区域,经济发达区域高于经济基础较差区域的特点。由于经济增长带来的人口集聚,使得人地矛盾更为突出,是我国大陆沿海地区海岸线变迁最主要的驱动力因素;而对于天津市、上海市、广东省、浙江省等地,除了人口驱动因素外,工业的快速发展也是其海岸线变迁重要的影响因素。(3)基于资源-过程-响应模型的长江口-杭州湾岸线变化研究。对长江口-杭州湾海岸线进行海岸线资源适宜性评价,并以此为依据,进行岸线的功能划分。得出在研究区域内利于建设港口码头岸线长度占比约23.62%,易于生活开发岸线占比约为19.29%,适宜生态保护岸线占比约为17.81%,开发属性不明岸线占比约为39.28%。通过岸线的开发利用现状表明:岸线适宜属性是海岸线变迁的优先选择,而现阶段长江口-杭州湾海岸线资源仍有很大的开发潜力。上游的来水来沙是长江口-杭州湾海岸线变迁重要的影响因素,当上游物质来源充足,淤泥质潮滩的快速淤涨为围填海活动提供了物质基础;上游物质来源不是十分充足时,围填海活动有所放缓。人类活动对海岸线变迁的影响表现为:在1980～1990年阶段,自然影响因素还较为强烈,人类活动主要为防护岸线的建设;在1990～2000年阶段人类围填海活动频繁,农田与养殖围垦尤为突出;在2000～2015年阶段,人类活动影响极为强烈,其中城市发展、港口码头建设与围填海活动为最活跃时期。近35年,长江口-杭州湾海岸线变迁特征为:海岸线开发利用程度的逐步提高,岸线结构呈现为二元→三元→多元的转换趋势,海岸线分形数表现为先增长后减缓趋势,并与围填海强度、港口码头建设有较好的历史同步关系。长江口-杭州湾海岸线的开发利用与社会经济因素有着不可分割的联系,其开发利用强度与沿海周边城市GDP、工业产值、人口数量都有着极好的对应关系,其中与区域内的人口数量的线性相关性最高为0.98,由此表明巨大的人口压力是长江口-杭州湾海岸线资源开发利用的重要驱动因素。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is a region of interaction between the ocean and the land. It has abundant resources and favorable location conditions. But with the intensification of human activities, it is facing severe challenges. Especially in China, with the rapid development of economy since the reform and opening up, the coastal areas are under the double pressure of society and nature. In order to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of coastline resources and study the process and characteristics of coastline changes. Based on the Landsat remote sensing image, the coastline of mainland China in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 was extracted, and the accuracy was tested with the chart and field survey data. On this basis, the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay estuary area is selected as a typical research area. Based on the resource process response model, combined with social economic and ecological environment data, the driving force factors of coastline change are studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in the process of river sea delimitation based on B-L curve. The estuary is a complex and unique area, it is difficult to find a suitable index system for river sea delimitation parameters, but based on the B-L curve (B L along the River riparian width, distance from center line length of the origin) the sea demarcation can integrate different indicators better, find the rivers into the sea terrain nodes through a simple operation. And all kinds of estuarine sea demarcation, using this method the results show that the sand dam or blockage of the terrain at the joint of the river estuary broadening rate between -0.5 to 0; the transitional estuary and the shape of the River Estuary and its terrain nodes in the river width between 0.5 to 1.2 rate; terrain node type estuary river estuary between 0.6 and 1.5 in the rate of stretch; horn shaped delta estuary, the terrain nodes of the river width between 1.2 to 4.5 rate. The application of this method for sea demarcation on the mainland of China and the river into the sea, the coastline length, and achieved good results. (2) the characteristics of the change of the national coastline. In the past thirty-five years, the coastline's total length showed a continuous growth trend due to the massive exploitation of the coastline of China mainland as port and port, breeding area, salt field and farmland, and the intensity of coastline development and utilization continued to increase. The spatial differentiation of coastline development and utilization intensity is higher than that of the South and the estuarine area. The development and utilization intensity of the easy development shore is higher than that of the hilly and hilly area, and the economically developed area is higher than that of the poor economic base area. Because of the economic growth brought about by the concentration of population, the contradiction between people and land is more prominent, is the coastline of the mainland coastal areas the main driving factors of change in China; and for Tianjin City, Shanghai City, Guangdong Province, Zhejiang province and other places, in addition to population driving factors, factors of the rapid development of industry and its coastline change an important influence. (3) study on the change of resource - process - response model of Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Gulf Coast Line Based on. The suitability evaluation of the coastline resources of the Changjiang Estuary - Hangzhou Bay is carried out and the function of the coastline is divided. It is concluded that in the study area, the length of shoreline for port construction is about 23.62%, which is about 19.29% of the life development shoreline and 17.81% of the suitable ecological protection coastline. The proportion of the unknown development line is 39.28%. Through the development and utilization of the coastline, the present situation shows that the suitable property of the coastline is the preferred choice of the coastline change. At the present stage, the resources of the coastline of the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay still have great potential for development. Upstream runoff and sediment are important factors affecting the coastline change of the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay. When the upstream material sources are sufficient, the rapid deposition of the muddy tidal flat provides material basis for reclamation activities, while the upstream material sources are not enough, the reclamation activities have slowed down. Effect of change of human activities on the coast showed: in 1980 ~ 1990 period, natural factors are relatively strong, human activities mainly for the construction of shoreline protection; in 1990 ~ 2000 stage of human reclamation activities frequently, farmland and farming reclamation is particularly prominent; in 2000 ~ 2015, the impact of human activities is very strong. The city development, port construction and reclamation activities for the most active period. For nearly 35 years, the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay shoreline change characteristics: shoreline development and utilization degree gradually increased to two yuan, showing the structure of shoreline of three yuan, Yuan conversion trend of coastline fractal number was decreased after the first growth, and reclamation of historical construction strength, good synchronization relationship port. The development and utilization of the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay coastline and social economic factors are inextricably linked, the development and utilization of the coastal city of GDP, and the strength of the surrounding industrial output, the population has a good corresponding relation between the linear correlation, population and area of up to 0.98, which shows the huge population pressure is an important driving factor of Changjiang Estuary and resource utilization in Hangzhou Bay coastline.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P737.1;P748

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