西鄂尔多斯自然保护区植被生产力格局和植物多样性特征分析

发布时间：2018-01-01 18:35

本文关键词：西鄂尔多斯自然保护区植被生产力格局和植物多样性特征分析　出处：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西鄂尔多斯自然保护区以其独特的地理环境和地理条件,在物种起源、生物多样性等方面具有重要的研究价值。本文选取以西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区和延伸扩展的对照区的总体区域作为研究对象,以2000-2014年的MODIS遥感影像为数据源,结合地面反射光谱测定以及实地植被样方调查,并采用3S空间分析技术,对西鄂尔多斯自然保护区的植被生产力分布格局以及植物多样性特征进行研究分析。结果表明:(1)研究区整体植被生产力水平的变化在45.68g/m2至102.67 g/m2之间,多年平均值为71.70(±15.77)g/m2,最大值出现在2012年,最小值出现在2005年。植被生产力级别达到40-60 g/m2的分布面积最大,而且随着生产力水平的提高,则分布面积变化趋势也呈上升趋势。研究区植被覆盖度变化在12.36%至28.99%之间,多年平均值为21.32(±5.39)%,植被覆盖度的平均相对面积最大的为覆盖度相对较低的10-20%级别。(2)保护区植被生产力水平变化在39.96g/m2至82.52 g/m2之间,多年平均值为62.99(±13.88)g/m2。最高水平出现的时间点与研究区一致,同样的达到最低水平的年份也与研究区一致。同样以植被生产力为40-60 g/m2的分布面积最大,且随生产力水平增加,分布面积变化趋势呈缓慢上升趋势。植被覆盖度的平均相对分布面积达到最大的级别是10-20%,与研究区一致。(3)对照区植被生产力水平变化在49.09g/m2至115.48 g/m2之间,多年平均值为77.24(±17.62)g/m2。最高水平出现的时间点与研究区一致,同样的达到最低水平的年份也与研究区一致。植被生产力分布面积最大的分别是为40-60g/m2和60-80 g/m2两个级别。植被覆盖度的平均相对面积最大的为相对较低的20-30%级别。同时结合实地植被样方调查的数据,以西鄂尔多斯优势灌木四合木、半日花、沙冬青和绵刺为建群种的植物群落进行了植物多样性特征分析。结论如下:(4)物种丰富度最低的是半日花群落,最高的是绵刺群落;从Shannon多样性指数来比较这两者,同样是半日花最小,绵刺的最大;但是比较两者的重要值来看,半日花的重要值最大,绵刺最小;四合木和沙冬青群落的物种丰富度相对处于中间水平,且四合木略高于沙冬青,两者的Shannon多样性指数也相对居于中间水平,而沙冬青数值略大,重要值也相对较低于前两者。(5)在四合木群落中可以得出,随着四合木重要值的增长,物种丰富度呈下降趋向,但是相反的是随Shannon多样性指数增加而增加;半日花群落变化趋势与四合木相反,物种丰富度随重要值增加而增加,随多样性指数增加而呈下降趋势;绵刺的整体变化趋势与四合木一样;沙冬青群落与前三者并不完全相同,物种丰富度随重要值增加而呈现出上升趋向,同样地随Shannon多样性指数增加也呈增加趋向。(6)地上生物量与多样性的关系:四合木群落和半日花群落内的两者关系走向一致,地上生物量随Shannon多样性指数的增加而增加。绵刺与沙冬青群落内的两者关系变化趋势是,地上生物量随Shannon多样性指数的增加而减少。
[Abstract]:West Ordos nature reserve with its unique geographical environment and geographical conditions in the origin of species, has the important research value of biological diversity. This paper selects the control area west of Ordos National Nature Reserve and extending the whole region as the research object, based on MODIS 2000-2014 remote sensing images as the data source, combined with the ground reflectance spectrometry and field vegetation investigation and analysis technology, using 3S space, on the West Ordos nature reserve, vegetation productivity distribution pattern and plant diversity characteristics of research and analysis. The results showed that: (1) the whole area vegetation productivity change between 45.68g/m2 to 102.67 g/m2, an average of 71.70 years (+ 15.77) g/m2, the maximum value appeared in 2012, the minimum appeared in 2005. The distribution area of vegetation productivity level reached 40-60 g/m2, and And with the improvement of productivity, the distribution of area change trend is rising. The research of vegetation coverage changes between 12.36% to 28.99% years, the average value is 21.32 (+ 5.39)%, the average relative area of vegetation coverage is the largest coverage of a relatively low level. 10-20 percent (2) protection the vegetation productivity change between 39.96g/m2 to 82.52 g/m2, the average value is 62.99 (+ 13.88) g/m2. the time and the highest level of the study area, the same year reached the lowest level is also consistent with the study area. The same vegetation productivity distribution area of 40-60 g/m2, and with the level of productivity the distribution area increased, change trend is slowly rising. The average vegetation coverage relative distribution area reaches the maximum level is 10-20%, consistent with the study area. (3) the control of vegetation productivity changes from 49.09g/m2 to 11 5.48 g/m2, an average of 77.24 years (+ 17.62) g/m2. the time and the highest level of the study area, the same year reached the lowest level is also consistent with the study area. The distribution of the largest area of vegetation productivity were 40-60g/m2 60-80 and g/m2 two levels. The average vegetation coverage maximum relative area for the relatively low level of 20-30%. At the same time combined with the field vegetation survey data, West Erdos wood four dominant shrubs, Helianthemum ordosicum, Ammopiptanthus and Potaninia for plant community species of plant diversity characteristics analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (4) the lowest species richness is h.songaricum community that is the highest Potaninia mongolica community; to compare the diversity index from Shannon, the same is h.songaricum minimum, maximum potaniniamongolicamaxim; but the important value of their point of view, the important value of h.songaricum maximum, minimum potaniniamongolicamaxim; four The species richness of wood and Ammopiptanthus community is in the middle level, and four higher than that of Mulve Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, the Shannon diversity index is relatively in the middle level, and Ammopiptanthusmongolicus numerical slightly, the important value is relatively lower than the other two. (5) in the four wood community can be drawn, with four the important value of wood growth, species richness showed a decline trend, but instead is increased with the increase of Shannon diversity index; h.songaricum community change trend with the four opposite wood species richness increased with the important value, with diversity index increased and decreased; the overall change trend and potaniniamongolicamaxim four wood; Ammopiptanthus community and the first three are not exactly the same, with the important value of species richness increased and showed a rising trend, the same as the Shannon diversity index showed an increasing trend. Also increased (6) ground biomass and diversity The relationship between the four wood community and the relationship between the two communities in h.songaricum towards the same, with the increase of aboveground biomass Shannon diversity index increased. The relationship between the changing trend and P.mongolica Ammopiptanthus community in is that the increase of aboveground biomass with Shannon diversity index and reduced.

【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948.1

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