地理信息技术支持的城乡结合部生态用地网络空间优化

发布时间：2018-01-10 08:03

本文关键词：地理信息技术支持的城乡结合部生态用地网络空间优化　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市不断涌入农业人口,造成城市规模和数量激增,城市生态环境问题频发,对社会经济的可持续发展造成了很大的阻碍。景观生态格局是区域景观的生态过程的反映,合理的景观生态格局能够使生态环境的不确定性降低或生态环境得到改善,而不合理的景观生态格局会造成一系列问题如城市洪灾、气候变暖、环境破坏等。根据城市景观生态学中的"基质-斑块-廊道"理论,科学识别构建研究区生态用地网络空间,并对其评价分级和优化,从而使生态环境功能的完整性和连续性得到提升。利用生态过程来优化城市景观格局是一个颇有前景、崭新的研究方向,但是目前这方面的研究缺少可靠的手段方法并且研究有一定难度。当前,城市内部建设用地连片度较高,而生态用地连通度较低,所以城市景观生态格局规划应以提高生态用地网络化为目标,有效补充传统城市生态规划。为弥补过去学者往往通过经验评价城市生态用地网络现状、定性提出优化建议的不足,本文选取常州市新北区为研究区,采用定性和定量结合的方法,依次识别各生态要素,并对生态用地网络连接度强弱分布情况进行空间上的评价与分级,从而找出优化重点,基于此采用CA-Marcov模型和GIS技术对生态用地网络深入优化。最后生态用地网络的结构连接度和功能连接度均得到提高,生态源地、生态廊道和关键生态节点间的空间联系得到加强,景观生态格局的稳定发展得到维持,从而形成生态功能完整、生态用地网络连通的理想景观生态格局。本文研究成果为中小尺度区域的城市规划和生态环境保护提供理论指导和科学支持。主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)城市生态用地网络空间识别与构建首先利用最小累积阻力模型对区域生态适宜性进行分区,基于此确定其他生态要素。生态源的识别通过选取符合面积要求的林地、水域、滩涂和风景区;生态廊道的识别通过选取区域植被指数(NDVI)、水体指数(MNDWI)以及建筑指数(NDBI)三个因子来建立物种迁移阻抗表面,然后运用最短路径法提取生态廊道;接着提取生态廊道的交点作为关键生态节点;最终构建研究区域常州市新北区的生态用地网络体系。结果显示:生态基质根据保护程度不同划分为四个等级的区域;生态源包含林地、水域、滩涂和风景区四类,研究区西南部、东南部和中部生态源地分布较为稀疏,斑块面积小,数量较少;生态廊道共45条;关键生态节点共有23个,主要集中在新北区的北部。(2)城市生态用地网络空间分析与定级首先对各生态源形状指数大小及空间分布情况、各生态源和生态节点度数大小及空间分布情况进行分析;将研究区四类景观生态用地网络γ、α、β指数的计算值作为各生态廊道的属性值,等权重加和各廊道属性值得到综合指数,新北区现状各生态廊道连接度的大小从而得到展示;然后根据上述连接度评价结果分别对生态源、生态廊道和生态节点进行分级;最后利用转移矩阵和生态用地动态度评价模型分析土地利用转出、转入地类分布情况以及生态用地变化幅度与速度特征。分析结果显示:各类生态源地形状指数较小,形状简单,与周围各类用地边缘接触部分较小,与外界地物联系紧密度较差;生态廊道穿过水域与风景区的条数较多,穿过林地、滩涂与多数生态节点的条数较少,各个类别的源地都存在0条廊道穿过的情况;新北区空间生态用地网络北部与南部的现有生态廊道连接度较小,中部偏南部的现有生态廊道连接度中等,中部偏北部的现有生态廊道连接度较强;根据评价结果将生态源、生态廊道和生态节点分为三级,空间连接度较高的生态源、生态廊道和生态节点划为一级,扮演着生态功能主导的角色;其余源地、廊道和节点划为二级和三级,生态功能有待于进一步优化;2005-2014年研究区大面积生态用地转换为农业用地,生态用地的侵占现象比较严重,其破碎化的空间布局对城市空间生态系统能量与物质的流动不利。(3)城市生态用地网络空间优化与提升首先对生态源进行功能连接度优化,将其分为小型、大型生态源地两类;对各生态源分别做距离不等的缓冲区,选取最为理想的方案,完成生态源的结构连接度优化;接着根据生态廊道空间评价结果,对生态廊道进行功能连接度优化,分为小型和大型生态廊道;对各生态廊道分别做距离不等的缓冲区,选取最为理想的方案,完成生态廊道的结构连接度优化;然后利用盲区分析法进行生态节点优化,划定近期、中期与远期生态节点优化区域;最后在IDRISI平台支持下,运用CA-Markov模型进行生态基质优化,并进行Kappa系数的检验,给生态源扩张提供预留区。根据优化成果:优化生态源时,大型、小型斑块相辅相成,一个为主,一个为辅,共同促进景观格局的发展;生态源地设置1000m缓冲区时,与周边生态斑块关联度最佳;大小型生态廊道的构建根据生态廊道空间评价结果,并在生态廊道周边设置400m的缓冲区,从而稳定小型生态廊道的后续发展,加强大型生态廊道的主导效应;利用盲区识别法明确关键节点建设的次序;优化生态基质过程中,与2014年各类基质用地面积相比,四周农业基质的转入造成了2030年生态用地数量的增加。
[Abstract]:At present, along with our country city urbanization, city influx of rural population, city scale and caused a surge in the number of frequent city ecological environment problems, caused great obstacles to the sustainable development of social economy. The landscape ecological pattern reflects the ecological landscape process, landscape ecology can make reasonable ecological environment the uncertainty is reduced or the ecological environment will be improved, and the irrational landscape ecological pattern will cause a series of problems such as city flood, climate warming, environmental damage. According to the "matrix patch city landscape ecology corridor" theory, scientific identification of constructing the ecological land classification and evaluation of network space, and optimization of the integrity and continuity, so that the ecological environment function has been improved. By using the ecological process to optimize the city landscape pattern is a promising new research. To the current research in this area, but the lack of reliable methods and research has a certain degree of difficulty. At present, land with high degree of internal construction of the city, and ecological land connectivity is low, so the city landscape ecology planning should be to improve the ecological land network as objective and effective supplement to the traditional city ecological planning. For the past scholars often through empirical evaluation of city ecological land network status, put forward suggestions to optimize the lack of qualitative, this paper selects the Xinbei District of Changzhou city as the study area, using the method of combining qualitative and quantitative, in recognition of the ecological elements, and the ecological connectivity strength and grade evaluation of distribution of the space for the network. In order to find out the optimization of key, using CA-Marcov model and GIS technology for network optimization based on ecological land deeply. Finally, ecological connectivity and power structure the network connectivity Are improved, ecological sources, spatial relationship between ecological corridor and ecological key nodes are enhanced by maintaining the stable development of landscape ecological pattern, thus forming a complete ecological function, ecological network connectivity with the ideal landscape ecological pattern. The research results of this paper provide theoretical guidance and scientific support for city planning and ecological environment protection and regional scale. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) ecological city land network space identification and the construction of the first use of the minimum cumulative resistance model of regional ecological suitability zoning, based on the determination of other ecological factors. Identifying ecological source by selected area of woodland, waters, beaches and scenic area; identification of ecological corridor by selecting regional vegetation index (NDVI), water index (MNDWI) and building index (NDBI) three factors to establish species migration impedance meter Then, using the shortest path method to extract the ecological corridor; then the intersection of ecological corridor extraction as a key ecological construction of regional ecological end node; Changzhou New District land network system. The results show that the ecological matrix according to the degree of protection can be divided into four levels of regional ecological source contains woodland, waters;, beaches and scenic area four, southwest of study area, southeastern and central ecological source distribution is sparse, plaque area is small, small number; ecological corridor 45; key ecological nodes have a total of 23, mainly concentrated in the northern New District. (2) and grade land spatial analysis of city network first of all the ecological ecological source shape index size and spatial distribution, analyze the ecological and ecological source node degree size and space distribution; the study area four landscape ecological land network gamma, alpha, beta index value calculation For the attributes of the ecological corridor of the value, the weight of each attribute and corridor is the comprehensive index, the new North status of the ecological corridor connecting the size of the resulting display; then according to the evaluation results of ecological connectivity, the classification of ecological corridors and ecological nodes; the transfer of land use transfer analysis of evaluation model of dynamic matrix and ecological use, into the class distribution and ecological land use change amplitude and velocity characteristics. Analysis results show that all kinds of ecological source shape index is small, simple shape, and various types of land around the edges of the contact part of the small, close contact with the outside world features poor; ecological corridor through the water and a large number of scenic areas, through the forest, less number of beaches and most ecological nodes, the source of each category there are 0 corridors across the north; space ecological network By the north and south of the existing ecological corridor connectivity is small, middle and south of the existing ecological corridor connectivity medium, north central part of the existing ecological corridor connectivity is strong; according to the evaluation results of ecological source, ecological corridor and ecological nodes are divided into three levels, a high degree of spatial connection of ecological source the ecological, ecological corridors and nodes designated as a class, plays a leading role in the ecological function; the remaining source, corridors and nodes are divided into two grades and three grades, the ecological function need to be further optimized; the 2005-2014 large area of ecological land conversion of agricultural land, ecological land expropriation the more serious, the fragmentation of the spatial distribution of flow of energy and material space of city ecosystem disadvantage. (3) the city ecological land space network optimization and upgrading firstly ecological source optimization of functional connectivity, which is divided into small and large ecological source. Two kinds of different ecological sources respectively; unequal distance buffer, select the most ideal solution, the structure complete source of ecological connectivity optimization; and then according to the evaluation results of ecological corridor space, ecological corridor optimizing functional connectivity, divided into small and large ecological corridor; the ecological corridor respectively distance buffer range, select the most ideal solution, complete the structure of ecological corridor connectivity optimization; and then use the blind analysis method for ecological optimization of nodes, the delineation of the recent, middle term and long-term ecological optimization of regional nodes; finally, under the support of IDRISI platform, using CA-Markov model and tested the ecological matrix optimization. The coefficients of Kappa, to provide reserve expansion ecological source. According to the optimized results: optimizing the ecological source, large and small patches, complement each other, a, a subsidiary, jointly promote the development of landscape ecology; The source set 1000m buffer, and the surrounding ecological plaque correlation best; small ecological corridor construction of ecological corridor space according to the evaluation results, and in the buffer zone of Ecological Corridor around the set of 400m, and thus the stability of the subsequent development of small ecological corridor, strengthen the dominant effect of large-scale ecological corridor; clarify the key node construction the use of blind identification method in order to optimize the ecological matrix; in the process, compared with the 2014 matrix land area, around the agricultural matrix into 2030 caused by the rise in the number of ecological use.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;P901;P208

【相似文献】