北京历史街区更新中建筑气候适应性设计策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:20

本文选题：历史街区更新　切入点：气候适应性设计　出处：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑与气候有着密切的联系,在建筑所面对的各种环境要素中,气候要素起着主导作用,而建筑存在的首要目的是为了创造人工舒适环境并调节其与自然气候之间的差异。在我国历史街区更新中,新建建筑更多的是流于对形式的追求模仿或者破坏性的大拆大建以获取商业利益。而常常忽略了传统建筑气候适应性的传承,造成大量的资源和能源消耗。本文以北京传统四合院为研究对象,结合本人参加的前门东片区更新改造的工程实践,探讨传统建筑的气候适应机理、特征与承袭方法。本研究通过实地调研与测量、文献资料的解读分析,建筑微气候环境数字模拟分析的等方法,对四合院功能布局、庭院尺度大小、各功能用房的建筑层数、建筑坡屋顶的坡度大小以及建筑色彩五个方面进行分析研究,初步得出一些设计指导性的量化的结论。通过本研究发现,在四合院庭院功能布局方面,为使庭院内部风场平稳,宜将传统四合院中的耳房空间转变成正房空间的一部分。若选建一排厢房,建议修建西厢房。坐北朝南布置的正房,拥有绝佳的采光日照环境,最宜用来布置对光照要求高的功能空间。冬季院落周围东北角和西南角的风速大,对采暖保温不利,应做重点防风处理。庭院尺度的改变,对于庭院内的风环境影响较大。庭院面宽进深比宜接近1:1,这样庭院内风环境较好。另外,正房与倒座房的高度比不同,对庭院内风场也有影响。建议区间为1.2~1.4。四合院建筑层数的改变,对于庭院内部的光环境和风环境影响较大,相较于传统四合院一层布局,二层和二层以上的四合院庭院内部风速较大,对于北京地区冬季防风保暖不利。层数增加,南侧用房对庭院周边功能空间产生遮挡。对于三层的四合院,二层各方面采光条件最好,但东厢房注意防眩光。建筑坡屋顶的坡度对于建筑保温和太阳能利用方面具有一定的意义,处于区间30°~45°为佳。另外,建筑色彩方面,在北京历史街区,灰色具有较大的热吸收系数,对于冬季保暖有利。宜采用与主色调一致的色彩,并适当创新。最后通过对北京前门大街东片区B4/C2/C4地块规划与建筑方案模拟和优化,得出结论。本研究可以为建筑师在历史街区更新建筑实践方案初期的节能设计提供一些依据和参考。
[Abstract]:Architecture and climate are closely linked, in various environmental factors faced by architecture, climate factors play a leading role, and the primary purpose of architecture is to create a comfortable environment and adjust the difference between artificial and natural climate in China. The renewal of the historic district, the new building is to be more formal the pursuit of imitation or destructive large demolition for commercial interests. And often neglect the traditional architecture of the climate adaptability of inheritance, resulting in a large number of resources and energy consumption. This paper takes Beijing traditional courtyard as the research object, combined with my own in the Qianmen East area renovation project practice, explore the traditional architecture of climate adaptation mechanism with the method, inherited characteristics. This study through the investigation and measurement, analysis of literature, the method of simulation analysis of construction of digital micro climate environment, courtyard The functional layout, courtyard size, the function space construction layer, analysis on the five aspects of building roof slope of the slope of the size and color of the building, draw some preliminary design guidance of quantitative conclusions. The study found that, in the courtyard layout function, in order to make the internal courtyard wind field should be smooth, part of the traditional courtyard in the penthouse space into a main space. If you choose to build a row of rooms, recommended the construction of West Wing. The south of the main layout has excellent lighting, sunlight environment, the most suitable for arrangement of the illumination function space requirements high. Winter wind speeds around the yard and the northeast corner of the southwest corner. On heating and heat preservation should be negative, focus on wind. The courtyard scale changes, the wind environment in the courtyard of influence. The courtyard wide deep into ratio should be close to 1:1, this courtyard wind environment better. In addition, Jeongbang and back seat room height ratio is different, also have an impact on the wind. Courtyard interval 1.2~1.4. courtyard building number change, in the courtyard of interior light environment and wind environment influence, compared with the traditional courtyard floor layout, two layer and two layer above the courtyard internal wind speed is larger, the Beijing area the winter warm wind is unfavorable. The number of layers increases with real occlusion. On the south side yard around functional space for three layers of the courtyard, the two layer of all aspects of the best lighting condition, but the real attention to anti glare. Building roof slope has a certain significance for building insulation and solar energy, is in the range of 30 DEG ~45 DEG better. In addition, the building color, in the historic district of Beijing, grey has larger heat absorption coefficient, the warm winter should adopt favorable. Consistent with the main tone color, and appropriate innovation. Then, through the simulation and optimization of the B4/C2/C4 block planning and building plan in the east section of Qianmen Street, Beijing, we conclude that this research can provide some references for architects in the early stage of energy saving design in the historic district renewal practice.

【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.114;TU119

【参考文献】