苗岭地区苔藓植物空间分布格局研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 02:25

本文选题：苗岭地区　切入点：苔藓植物　出处：《贵州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：苗岭位于云贵高原的东端。地理位置N26°26′40″~25°40′,E106°59′~108°40′,是贵州境内长江水系和珠江水系的分水岭,面积为12898.8km2。对采集自苗岭地区的3300余份苔藓植物标本和搜集自贵州大学植物标本室(GACP)的标本1300余份苔藓植物标本进行鉴定和统计,参照《中国生物物种名录》(第一卷·植物·苔藓植物)排列,结果表明该地区共有苔藓植物92科260属972种(含种下分类单位,下同),占全国苔藓植物科属种的61.33%、43.99%和32.17%。其中藓类植物门52科188属672种,占全国藓类植物科属种的60.47%、43.62%和34.55%;苔类植物门36科68属295种,占全国苔类植物科属种的60.00%、44.74%和28.10%;角苔植物门4科4属5种,占全国角苔类植物科属种的100%、50.00%和19.23%。初步发现贵州2个新记录科4个新纪录属及35个新纪录种,其中藓类植物2个新记录属24新记录种,苔类植物2个新记录科2个新记录属11个贵州新记录种。分别对苗岭地区藓类植物和苔类植物的空间分布进行分析,结果表明:1)苗岭地区藓类植物科属种均随着海拔的增高呈先增多后降低的趋势,总体表现为900m—1300m1300m—1700m500m—900m1300m—1700m500m以下2100m以上;随不同基质类型变化的规律表现为石生树生土生水生叶附生,种数的分布则为石生土生树生水生叶附生。石生、树生和土生种类最大值出现在900m—1300m海拔段内,水生种类最大值则出现在1300m—1700m。侧蒴藓类和顶蒴藓类随海拔变化的空间分布规律与总体变化一致,但随基质类型的空间分布则为:侧蒴藓类种类石生树生土生,水生和叶附生基质类型极少,顶蒴藓类种类石生土生树生,水生基质类型极少,叶附生基质上没有分布。2)苗岭地区苔类植物物种丰富度随着海拔的增高都呈现先增多后降低的趋势,总体表现为:900m—1300m1300m—1700m≈500m—900m500m以下1700m—2100m2100m以上;随基质类型变化的空间分布在科属的水平上表现为石生树生土生叶附生,在种的水平上表现为为石生土生树生叶附生。石生基质类型的苔类植物主要分布在1700m以下,在900m—1300m海拔段的分布种类最多;树生基质类型的苔类植物主要集中在900m—1300m的海拔段上的同时,高海拔和低海拔地区也有不少的种类分布;土生基质类型和石生基质类型的分布规律大体相同;叶附生基质类型则主要分布在500m以下。随着海拔的升高,茎叶体苔类和叶状体苔类的种类均呈现先增加后减少的总体变化趋势,均在900m—1300m海拔段出现了最大值,但茎叶体苔类种类在各个海拔段均有超过10种以上分布,种类主要集中500m—1300m的海拔范围,说明茎叶体苔类能适应较广的海拔跨度,而叶状体苔类主要集中在900m—1300m的海拔范围,而且只有极少种类能分布在1700m以上。
[Abstract]:Miaoling is located at the eastern end of the Yungui Plateau.The geographical position N26 掳26 ~ 40 "25 掳40" E106 掳59 ~ (10) (108 掳40) is a watershed of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River in Guizhou, with an area of 12898.8 km2.More than 3300 specimens of bryophytes collected from Miaoling area and 1300 specimens of bryophytes collected from the herbarium of Guizhou University were identified and counted.Referring to the list of Biological species in China (the first volume of bryophytes), the results show that there are 972 species of bryophytes belonging to 260 genera and 92 families in this area (including subspecies and the same species), which account for 43.99% and 32.17% of the species of bryophytes in China.Among them, 672 species belong to 188 genera and 52 families of mosses, accounting for 60.47% and 34.5555 species of genus and genus of Moss family in China, 295 species of 68 genera and 36 families of Carex phylum, accounting for 44.74% and 28.10% of the genus and species of Carex family in China, 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species of Caragana, respectively.It accounts for 50.00% and 19.23% of the species and genera of Caraginae in China.Two new record families, 4 new record genera and 35 new record species were found in Guizhou, including 2 new records of mosses and 24 new records of genera, 11 new records of moss, 2 new record families, 2 new record genera and 11 new records of mosses.The spatial distribution of mosses and mosses in Miaoling area were analyzed respectively. The results showed that the species and genera of mosses in Miaoling area increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude.The total expression of 900m-1300m1300m-1700m500m-900m1300m-1700m500m was above 2100m, and the regularity of variation with different substrate types was epiphytic of native aquatic leaves of lithophytes, and the distribution of species number was epiphytic of aquatic leaves of lithogenic native trees.The maximum value of lithophytes, tree and native species appeared in 900m-1300m elevation, while the maximum of aquatic species appeared in 1300m-1700m.The spatial distribution of Pleurocarpous mosses and Cyclopsis along with elevation is consistent with the total change, but the spatial distribution with the matrix type is: the lithophytic tree native, the hydrophytic and leaf epiphytic substrates are rare, and the spatial distribution with the matrix type is the same as that of the whole species, but the spatial distribution with the matrix type is the same.The species of Calycanthys fissa are lithogenic native trees with few aquatic matrix types and no distribution on leaf epiphytic substrates.) the species richness of moss species in Miaoling area increases first and then decreases with the increase of altitude, and the species richness of mosses in Miaoling area increases first and then decreases with the increase of altitude.The results showed that the spatial distribution of substrates varied from 1: 900m-1300m1300m-1700m to less than 500m-900m500m, and the spatial distribution with the matrix type was epiphytic at the level of family and genus, and the epiphyte of the native leaves of lithophytic trees at the species level.The species of liverworts are mainly distributed below 1700m, and the most species are distributed at the altitude of 900m-1300m, while the mosses of tree-matrix type are mainly distributed at the elevation of 900m-1300m, at the same time, the types of mosses are mainly distributed at the altitude of 900m-1300m.There are also many species distribution in high altitude and low elevation areas. The distribution of native substrates and stone substrates is roughly the same, while leaf epiphytic substrates are mainly distributed below 500m.With the increase of altitude, the species of stem and leaf moss and striatum both increased first and then decreased, and both appeared the maximum value at the altitude of 900m-1300m.But there are more than 10 species of stem and leaf moss in each altitude, and the species mainly concentrate on the altitude range of 500m-1300m, indicating that stem and leaf Carex can adapt to a wide range of altitude span.The striatum mosses are mainly concentrated in the altitude range of 900m-1300m, and only a few species can be distributed above 1700m.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948

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