浑善达克沙地飞播区植被演替研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 17:33

本文选题：飞播物种 + 动态变化　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以浑善达克沙地飞播区为研究对象,连续4年对18年(1999-2015年)的飞播区的植被进行调查。采用空间代替时间的方法,分析飞播植被演替进程中,羊柴、白沙蒿、沙打旺、沙地榆四种飞播植物种种群的多度、盖度、高度、生物量四个数量特征指标,飞播区群落盖度、物种组成、生活型、多样性的动态变化;并以恢复力综合指数、光合功能型、群落结构变异性探讨演替进程中群落的稳定性,旨在揭示飞播措施下的植被恢复规律,为飞播区植被稳定性维持提供依据。研究结果表明:1.四种飞播植物种种群数量特征指标在浑善达克沙地飞播区演替进程中存在明显差异。在演替进程中,飞播当年除外,羊柴高度在61-118cm之间,白沙蒿高度在53-81.33cm之间,沙打旺高度在25.89-78.33cm之间;羊柴多度、盖度、生物量于演替8a时分别达到峰值984万株/hm2、68.33%、422.78g/m2,之后均呈下降趋势,但种群能维持较长时间;白沙蒿、沙打旺多度均呈逐年递减的趋势,白沙蒿盖度和生物量在演替3a达到峰值10.17%和126.38g/m2,沙打旺盖度和生物量分别在演替4a和5a达到峰值12.67%和37.09g/m2,二者分别在演替11a、10a从群落中完全衰退出去;沙地榆盖度、高度、生物量呈缓慢的波动性增加,多度在演替1-5a呈增加趋势,在演替6-18a,基本恒定,对群落的主导作用逐渐增强。2.植被盖度在演替1-8a由15%增至77%,9-18a逐渐趋于稳定,约为57%。在演替进程中,演替1-7a,群落植物种组成以一、二年生草本植物为主,演替8-18a以多年生草本为主,随着演替时间的延长,植物种组成更加复杂化和多样性化,更利于群落的稳定。Partrick丰富度指数演替1-9a,由12增至55;演替10a之后,维持在30以上。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在演替1-10a,由2.42增至3.92;演替11a之后,变化范围为3.14-3.90。在演替进程中,Pielou均匀度指数波动明显,但总体呈缓慢增加趋势,在演替4a达到峰值1.17。3.演替2a时,恢复力综合指数最高为2.87,演替3-11a呈递减趋势;其中演替9-11a,受群落竞争影响,恢复力综合指数小于1;在演替12a之后,群落的恢复力综合指数均大于1,群落的恢复力稳定性较高。C3植物种数在演替1-10a由6变为35,演替11-18a有趋于恒定的趋势;C4植物种类在演替1-12a由2变为13,演替13-18a趋于恒定;C4/C3比从整体演替进程看,呈减小趋势。飞播后演替初期C4植物种群对沙丘的稳固起一定作用,C3植物对演替中后期群落的稳定意义较大。演替的进程中,演替时间相近群落间变异性系数,相对较小,群落间物种成分发生"渐变式"替代,在一定程度体现着群落相对稳定的发展。
[Abstract]:In this study, the vegetation of the aerial seeding area of Hunshandak sandy land was investigated for 4 years from 1999 to 2015.The dynamic changes of species composition, life type and diversity, and the stability of community in succession process were discussed with the comprehensive index of resilience, photosynthetic function type and community structure variability, in order to reveal the regularity of vegetation restoration under aerial seeding.To provide the basis for the maintenance of vegetation stability in the aerial seeding area.The results of the study show that 1: 1.There were significant differences in the succession process of the four aerial species populations in Hunshandake sandy land.In the succession process, except in the year of aerial seeding, the height of the sheep wood is between 61-118cm, the height of Artemisia artemisia is between 53-81.33cm, the height of Astragalus adsuriens is between 25.89-78.33cm, the degree of abundance, the degree of coverage, the degree of coverage,The biomass reached a peak value of 9.84 million plants / hm ~ (2) / m ~ (2) after 8 years of succession, and then decreased, but the population could be maintained for a long time, and the abundance of Artemisia annua and Astragalus adsurianum decreased year by year.The coverage and biomass of Artemisia mongolica reached the peak value of 10.17% and 126.38 g / m ~ (-2) in 3 years of succession, and the peak value of coverage and biomass reached 12.67% and 37.09 g / m ~ (2) in 4 years and 5 years of succession, respectively.The biomass increased slowly, the abundance increased in succession from 1 to 5 years, and remained constant in succession from 6 to 18 years, and the dominant effect on community increased gradually.The vegetation coverage gradually stabilized from 15% to 779-18 years in succession from 1 to 8 years, about 57%.In succession process, the species composition of the community was dominated by one or two years herbaceous plants, and the succession of 8-18 years was dominated by perennial herbaceous plants. With the extension of succession time, the composition of plant species became more complicated and diversified.After 10 years of succession, the diversity index of .Shannon-Wiener was maintained above 30, from 2.42 to 3.92, and after 11 years of succession, the range of variation was 3.14-3.90.During the succession process, the Pielou evenness index fluctuated obviously, but it increased slowly and reached the peak value of 1.17.3 in 4 years of succession.At 2 years of succession, the composite index of resilience was the highest 2.87, and the succession showed a decreasing trend from 3 to 11 years, in which succession was 9-11 a, affected by community competition, the comprehensive index of resilience was less than 1; after 12 years of succession, the composite index of resilience was less than 1.C _ 4 / C _ 3 ratio from the perspective of the overall succession process,The trend is decreasing.After aerial seeding, C _ 4 plant population plays a certain role in the stability of sand dunes in the early stage of succession. C _ 3 plants play a significant role in the stability of community in the middle and late stage of succession.In the process of succession, the coefficient of variation between communities is relatively small, and the species composition among communities is replaced by "gradual change", which reflects the relatively stable development of the community to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

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