锡林浩特荒漠化草原常见地衣鉴定与元素组成特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 15:18

本文选题：干旱和半干旱 + 大气沉降　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地衣是生命周期长、生长缓慢和地理分布广泛的共生生物,其可吸附和累积超过自身需求的元素量,是监测大气沉降物最具优势的类群之一,已被广泛应用。但对受沙尘影响较大的荒漠化草原区域,缺乏此类的研究。本文对位于内蒙古锡林浩特市东南部的荒漠化草原400 km2内16个样点,进行了地衣采集和生态调查。基于142份标本的传统分类学鉴定结果,发现本研究区域内11科21属46种地衣,优势种属共9属24种,隶属于蜈蚣衣科(Physciaceae)和梅衣科(Parmeliaceae)。生态学研究结果表明,研究区域内:1)地衣生长基物多样,包括树生(16种)、石生(14)、土生(13)、石上土生(11)和藓土生(2);2)地衣生长型以叶状为主(38种),壳状为辅(8种);3)11属19种地衣分布较广(至少3个样点),为常见地衣,适合纳入元素含量特征分析中,即:旱黄梅衣(Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis;XPC)、红脐鳞(Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca;RZC)、中国树花(Ramalina sinesis;RS)、丽石黄衣(Xanthoria elegans;XE)、白腹黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia denigrata;PHD)、斑面蜈蚣衣(Physcia aipolia;PA)、矮座石蕊(Cladonia humilis;CH)、三苔色酸褐衣(Melanelia tominii;MT)、橄榄黑尔衣(Melanohalea olivacea;MO)、粉芽盾衣(Peltula euploca;PET)、皮毛黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia hirtella;PHHe)、白刺毛黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia hirtuosa;PHHu)、糙蜈蚣衣(Physcia tribacia;PT)、变色大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia detersa;PCD)、颗粒大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia grumosa;PCG)、垫脐鳞(Rhizoplaca melanophthalma;RZM)、暗腹黄梅衣(Xanthoparmelia tinctina;XPT)、拟石黄衣(Xanthoria fallax;XF)、中国石黄衣(Xanthoria mandschurica;XM)。其中前6种地衣分布最广(至少6个样点)。用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS),对土壤和19种常见地衣,进行30种化学元素(Al、Ba、Ca、Cd、Ce、Cr、Cs、Cu、Fe、K、La、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Ti、Tl、V和Zn)的含量测定。利用多元统计分析方法、富集系数(EF)和土壤颗粒物沾染程度(Fe/Ti)等参数,分析地衣体内元素含量来源,比较物种对元素累积能力的异同性和影响因素;并与国内外同类研究比较了元素含量大小。研究结果表明:1)地衣的元素含量水平测定能够反映环境格局:本区域大气沉降特征为沙尘输入量大,是大气元素沉降的主要来源(主要因素),公路交通是主要的人类活动污染;2)地衣对元素的累积在地衣物种之间具有差异性和相同性,生态学和形态学特征是其影响因素之一。依据物种土壤源元素和Ca元素的累积差异,将地衣分为四组:富土集Ca(CH、XPT、PCD和MO)、富土贫Ca(PHHu、PT、XE、PET和XM)、贫土集Ca(RZM、RZC、MT、RS、PCG和XPC)和贫土贫Ca(PA、XF、PHD和PHHe);3)有7种地衣(XPT、RZC、RZM、PET、MT、XPC和RS)可反映人类活动来源的污染元素,其中树生叶状的中国树花(Ramalina sinesis:RS)、石生壳状的红脐鳞衣(Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca:RZC)和土生叶状的旱黄梅衣(Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis:XPC),分布广泛且土壤元素含量低,可区分人类活动源和地壳源元素,是本区域大气污染监测的最佳地衣。综上所述,本研究区内地衣物种资源丰富,荒漠化环境对地衣元素组成的影响明显,人类活动影响较小。中国树花(Ramalina sinesis)、红脐鳞衣(Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca)和旱黄梅衣(Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis)是本区域内最佳监测大气污染沉降的地衣物种。
[Abstract]:Lichen is a symbiotic living creature with long life cycle, slow growth and wide geographical distribution. It can adsorb and accumulate the amount of elements that exceed its own demand. It is one of the most advantageous groups in monitoring atmospheric sedimentation, and has been widely used. However, this kind of research is lacking in the desert grassland area which is affected by sand dust. This paper is located in Inner Mongolia tin. On the basis of the traditional taxonomy of 142 specimens, there are 46 species of lichens in 11 families and 24 species belonging to 9 genera and 24 species, which belong to the centipede (Physciaceae) and meyi family (Parmeliaceae). The ecological research node is based on the traditional taxonomy results of 142 specimens of the desert grassland in the southeast of linhot. Based on the traditional taxonomic identification of 142 specimens. The results show that the study area: 1) the variety of lichen growth, including tree (16 species), stone birth (14), native (13), earth (11) and mosses (2); 2) the growth type of lichen is mainly foliage (38), shell like (8); 3) 11 genus 19 ground clothing is widely distributed (at least 3 samples), which is suitable for inclusion in the analysis of elemental content, that is drought. Huang Meiyi (Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis; XPC), red umbilical scale (Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca; RZC), Chinese tree flower (Ramalina sinesis; RS), Li stone yellow coat (Xanthoria elegans; XE), white black centipede clothing, spotted centipede clothing, dwarf litmus, three fur colored brown clothes Minii; MT), Melanohalea olivacea; MO, Peltula euploca; PET, black centipede fur coat (Phaeophyscia hirtella; PHHe), black centipede coat of white thorn (Phaeophyscia), brown centipede coat, chameleon coat A; PCG), Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (RZM), dark abdomen Huang Meiyi (Xanthoparmelia tinctina; XPT), pseudo yellow coat (Xanthoria fallax; XF), Chinese yellow coat (Xanthoria). The most widely distributed (at least 6 samples) of the first 6 species of lichens. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 3 of soil and 19 common lichens 0 kinds of chemical elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg) are measured by the multivariate statistical analysis method, enrichment coefficient and soil particle contamination degree, analysis of the source of elements in the body of the lichen, and comparison of the similarities and differences of the accumulation ability of species to the elements. And the influence factors; and compared with the same research at home and abroad, the content of elements is compared. The results of the study show that: 1) the determination of the element content of the lichen can reflect the environmental pattern: the atmospheric sedimentation in this region is characterized by a large amount of sand input, the main source of atmospheric element settlement (main factor), the road traffic is the main human activity pollution; 2) The accumulation of elements in the lichens has differences and similarities between the lichen species, and the ecological and morphological characteristics are one of the factors affecting them. According to the cumulative differences in the soil source and Ca elements of the species, the lichen is divided into four groups: rich soil collection Ca (CH, XPT, PCD and MO), and rich soil poor Ca (PHHu, PT, XE, PET and XM), and the poor soil collection. Poor soil poor Ca (PA, XF, PHD and PHHe); 3) there are 7 kinds of lichens (XPT, RZC, RZM, PET, MT, XPC and RS) can reflect the pollution elements of human activities, including tree leaf shaped Chinese tree flowers, stone shell shaped red umbilicus scales and native leaflike dry Huangmei clothes. Extensive and low soil element content, which can distinguish human activity source and crustal source element, is the best lichen for monitoring air pollution in this region. To sum up, this research area is rich in clothing resources in this study area, the influence of desertification environment on the composition of lichens is obvious, and the influence of human activity is small. Chinese tree flower (Ramalina sinesis), red umbilicus scale coat (Rhizo Placa chrysoleuca) and dry Huangmei clothing (Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis) are the best lichen species for monitoring air pollution settlement in the region.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q949.34

【参考文献】