沉底油对海胆繁殖能力和子代胚胎发育的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 18:52

本文选题：沉底油 + 海胆胚胎　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究沉底油对海洋底栖生物的繁殖和子代胚胎发育的毒性影响,本实验以380#船用燃料油为实验油品模拟沉底油,以虾夷马粪海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)为受试生物进行研究,实验设定了母本暴露、父本暴露和双亲本暴露,运用紫外分光光度法和气相-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分别测定上覆水(与空气直接接触的暴露液)和间隙水(含油砂砾空隙中的暴露液)中总石油烃(TPH)和总多环芳烃(TPAH)含量,并结合配子的受精能力和其子代胚胎个体发育情况对实验结果进行分析。实验结果表明:相同暴露时间下,随着沉底油油砂配比浓度的增加,上覆水和间隙水中TPH浓度也随之增加,且间隙水的TPH浓度高于上覆水的TPH浓度,胚胎的生长抑制率和畸形率的变化趋势与TPH的变化趋势基本一致。通过GC-MS检测发现,单位质量含油砂砾中TPAH的最大值为10.277μg/g;上覆水中TPAH的最大值为14.826μg/L,其中菲的含量相对较高,因此可推测本实验中菲是影响海胆子代胚胎个体发育的主要原因。将亲代暴露于不同油砂配比浓度的沉底油中7d,其配子的受精率仍可达98%以上,但性腺指数降低,最高排卵抑制率为50.89%,且子代出现大量体长较小、发育迟缓及畸形的个体。说明亲代暴露虽然不会影响配子的受精能力,但亲本繁殖能力降低,沉底油释放的毒性会随海胆配子传递给子代,影响子代的胚胎发育。并且实验发现,长腕幼虫期(受精后48h)的生长抑制率和畸形率高于原肠胚期(受精后24h)。表明亲代暴露对子代胚胎发育的毒性影响会在长腕幼虫期被放大。因此,可将长腕幼虫期的海胆胚胎作为沉底油污染损害评估及早期预警的模式生物。亲代暴露和亲子双代持续暴露中,子代胚胎的生长抑制率在父本暴露时最大,母本暴露时最小;子代胚胎的畸形率在双亲本暴露时最大。该结果表明父本暴露和双亲本暴露会产生更为严重的遗传毒性,其子代胚胎的发育情况可为海洋生态风险评估、自然资源损害评估以及船舶溢油索赔提供重要的科学依据。
[Abstract]:In order to study the toxic effects of sunken oil on the reproduction of marine benthos and the embryo development of offspring, 380# marine fuel oil was used as the experimental oil to simulate the bottom oil, and Strongylocentrotus intermediusus was used as the test organism. Exposure to female, paternal and parental exposures were set. The contents of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) in overlying water (exposed liquid in direct contact with air) and interstitial water (exposure fluid in oil-bearing gravel) were determined by UV spectrophotometry and GC-MS, respectively. The experiment results were analyzed by combining the fertilization ability of gametes and the ontogeny of their offspring embryos. The experimental results show that the concentration of TPH in overlying water and interstitial water increases with the increase of oil sand concentration at the same exposure time, and the TPH concentration in interstitial water is higher than that in overlying water. The trend of embryo growth inhibition rate and abnormal rate was basically consistent with that of TPH. The maximum value of TPAH in oil-bearing gravel per unit mass was 10.277 渭 g / g, and the maximum value of TPAH in overlying water was 14.826 渭 g / L, and the content of phenanthrene was relatively high. Therefore, it can be inferred that phenanthrene is the main reason that affects the ontogeny of embryo of sea urchin offspring in this experiment. The fertilization rate of gamete was still over 98%, but the gonadal index was decreased, the highest ovulation inhibition rate was 50.89%, and a large number of individuals with small body length, developmental retardation and malformation were found in the offspring exposed to sunken oil with different oil sand ratios for 7 days. The results showed that parental exposure did not affect the fertilization ability of gametes, but the reproductive ability of parents was decreased, and the toxicity of oil release from sunken bottom would be transferred to the offspring with the gametes of sea urchin, which affected the embryo development of the offspring. It was also found that the growth inhibition rate and deformity rate of long wrist larvae (48h after fertilization) were higher than those of proctoembryonic stage (24h after fertilization). The results showed that the toxic effects of parental exposure on embryonic development of offspring were amplified at the stage of long wrist larva. Therefore, sea urchin embryos in the long wrist larval stage can be used as model organisms for assessment and early warning of oil pollution damage. In parental and parent-offspring continuous exposures, the growth inhibition rate of progeny embryos was the highest at parental exposure, and the lowest at parental exposure, while the deformity rate of offspring embryos was the highest at parental exposure. The results showed that paternal and parental exposures would produce more serious genotoxicity, and the development of their offspring embryos could provide an important scientific basis for marine ecological risk assessment, natural resource damage assessment and claims for oil spill from ships.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X55;X171.5

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