含聚异戊二烯植物的筛选及组分分析

发布时间：2018-05-06 11:02

本文选题：天然橡胶 + 植物筛选　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：天然橡胶(Natural rubber)是由橡胶树产生,因其有高弹性、防震、耐压等物理特性,被广泛的应用于医疗行业、工业、航天建造及生活中,是一种战略性材料,全球对其的消耗量一直有增无减。但是,由于人们在橡胶树割胶过程中操作不当、频繁割胶、自然灾害及病虫害等原因,导致天然橡胶供不应求。因此,本研究针对蒙古高原植物种类繁多等优点,筛选能产生天然橡胶的植物,以此缓解天然橡胶单一来源的局限。我们挑选六种乳浆类植物,分别为蒲公英(Taraxacum officrnale,Dandelion)、地梢瓜(Cynanchum thesioides(Freyn)K.Schum)、鹅绒藤(Cynanchum chinenseR.Br)、地锦草(Euphorbia humifusa Willd),乳苣(Mulgedium tataricum(Linn.)DC)和长裂苦苣菜(Sonchus brachyotus DC),并对蒲公英、鹅绒藤、地梢瓜和地锦草四个实验样品进行聚合物萃取、聚合物定性、化学组分分析及橡胶烃含量测定;而乳苣和长裂苦苣菜因样品量的关系,只做了聚合物定性实验,结果如下:(1)六种植物的萃取物进行聚合物定性分析,都检测出其主体成分为聚异戊二烯。(2)在对聚合物进行组分分析时发现四种植物的主成分大体相同,都含有植物醇及其异构体、环阿屯醇及烷基取代物和酯化物、一定量的饱和及不饱和的脂肪酸及酯化物、少量谷甾醇,而在地梢瓜中含有乙酸羽扇醇酯;在鹅绒藤中含有少量羽扇豆醇;在蒲公英中含有香树素。(3)蒲公英的橡胶烃含量平均为12.29%;鹅绒藤的橡胶烃含量平均为11.73%;地梢瓜的橡胶烃含量平均为5.76%;地锦草的橡胶烃含量平均为3.05%。
[Abstract]:Natural Rubber (Natural Rubber) is produced by rubber trees. It is widely used in medical industry, spaceflight construction and daily life because of its high elasticity, shock resistance, pressure resistance and other physical properties, it is a kind of strategic material. Global consumption has been increasing. However, due to improper operation in rubber tapping process, frequent tapping, natural disasters and insect pests, natural rubber supply exceeds demand. Therefore, in order to alleviate the limitation of the single source of natural rubber, this study aimed at the advantages of a wide variety of plants in Mongolia Plateau, and selected the plants that can produce natural rubber. Six species of milky plants, Taraxacum officrnaleae Dandelionus, Cynanchum thesioidesus Freynnus K. Schumum, Cynanchum chinenseR. Bran, Euphorbia humifusa Willdd, Mulgedium tataricum Linn. Four experimental samples were extracted by polymer, qualitative analysis of polymer, chemical component analysis and determination of rubber hydrocarbon content. The results were as follows: (1) the six plant extracts were qualitatively analyzed and the main component was found to be polyisoprene. 2) when the polymer was analyzed, it was found that the principal components of the four plants were roughly the same. Both contain plant alcohols and their isomers, cycloatumol and alkyl substituents and esters, certain amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and esters, a small amount of sitosterol, and Eupanol acetate in the melon. The average rubber hydrocarbon content of dandelion is 12.29. The average rubber hydrocarbon content of goose velvet is 11.73. The average rubber hydrocarbon content is 5.76 and the average rubber hydrocarbon content is 3.05.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q946

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