活动褶皱陡坎的识别、运动学模型与应用

发布时间：2018-05-06 22:06

本文选题：褶皱陡坎 + 缩短量　；参考：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对不出露地表的隐伏逆断层会诱发强破坏性地震,如何识别和研究这种不造成地表明显变形且不产生明显同震破裂的发震构造是一新的课题和挑战。尝试使用与断层相关褶皱伴生的褶皱陡坎和地震反射剖面来解决这个难题。依照褶皱陡坎与断层结构的关系将褶皱陡坎分为:向斜断弯褶皱陡坎、背斜断弯褶皱、滑脱褶皱陡坎、挤压构造楔褶皱陡坎、断展褶皱前翼、后翼褶皱陡坎以及三角剪切断展褶皱前翼褶皱陡坎。通过对研究区尼泊尔喜马拉雅西段主前缘推覆系(MFT)进行的详细地质地貌填图和地形差分GPS的测量,在研究区发现了两条走向平行的断层陡坎和一条褶皱陡坎。根据野外工作和相关褶皱陡坎理论,为这条褶皱陡坎建立几何、运动学模型,并讨论了这两条断层倾角的不确定性。通过所得模型确定了两条断层的产状,并分别通过断层垂直位错和褶皱陡坎的方法计算了断层的水平缩短量。在最年轻的阶地上采集了光释光样和14C样品,并计算了此阶地的缩短速率,这为缺少年龄约束的尼泊尔喜马拉雅西段主前缘推覆系(MFT)提供宝贵的数据。在北天山的独山子研究区,使用深度-隆升面积法解译了独山子背斜西倾伏端处的地震反射剖面,得到此处地壳的总缩短量以及滑脱面的深度;使用面积守恒法和通过差分GPS地形的测量结果,计算了独山子背斜西侧各级河流阶地所记录的不同时期的缩短量;结合详细的地质地貌填图和差分GPS的测量数据,在独山子背斜北翼发现了前翼断展褶皱陡坎,并建立了此褶皱陡坎的几何、运动学模型。这为独山子背斜的研究工作提供了更深一步的认识。
[Abstract]:For strong destructive earthquakes can be induced by hidden thrust faults not exposed to the surface, it is a new subject and challenge to identify and study such seismogenic structures which do not cause obvious deformation on the surface and do not produce obvious coearthquake rupture. An attempt is made to solve this problem by using ridges associated with fault-related folds and seismic reflection profiles. According to the relationship between fold ridge and fault structure, the fold steep ridge can be divided into syncline bend fold steep ridge, anticline bend fold steep ridge, slip fold steep ridge, compressional wedge fold steep ridge, fault spreading fold front. The posterior wing fold steep ridge and the triangle shear fault spread fold front wing fold steep ridge. Based on the detailed geological and geomorphologic mapping and topographic differential GPS survey of the main front nappe system in the study area of the western Himalayas of Nepal two parallel fault scarves and a fold steep ridge have been found in the study area. Based on the field work and the theory of related fold and steep ridges, a geometric and kinematic model is established for the ridges, and the uncertainty of the dip angles of the two faults is discussed. The occurrence of two faults is determined by the obtained model, and the horizontal shortening of the fault is calculated by the methods of vertical dislocation and fold steep ridges, respectively. Photoluminescence and 14C samples were collected on the youngest terrace, and the shortening rate of the terrace was calculated, which provides valuable data for MFTs of the main front nappe in the western Himalayan region of Nepal lacking age constraints. In the Dushanzi study area of North Tianshan Mountain, the seismic reflection profile at the west tip of the Dushanzi anticline is interpreted by using the depth-uplift area method, and the total shortening of the crust and the depth of the slip surface are obtained. By using the area conservation method and the results of the differential GPS topographic survey, the shortening of different periods recorded by various river terraces on the west side of the Dushanzi anticline is calculated, and the detailed geological and geomorphologic mapping and the differential GPS survey data are combined. In the north wing of the Dushanzi anticline, the outspread fold steep ridge of the front wing is found, and the geometric and kinematic model of the fold steep ridge is established. This provides a deeper understanding for the study of Dushanzi anticline.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.2

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