蜜蜂中唇舌刚毛及分节结构变形机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 19:08

  本文选题：蜜蜂 + 饮蜜　； 参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着微流体技术的应用与发展,对新型微流体驱动与控制技术的研究非常必要。蜜蜂作为具嚼吸式口器的典型昆虫,其饮蜜机理可能为高浓/粘度微流体传输装置提供新的设计参考。早在上世纪50年代,蜜蜂口器构造以及饮蜜机理就受到了学者广泛关注,但是由于观测精度与摄影技术限制等诸多问题,尚未从口器结构以及运动学行为角度系统地揭示蜜蜂饮蜜机理。本文以蜜蜂中唇舌为研究对象,研究了蜜蜂中唇舌微观结构、饮蜜过程中中唇舌运动与机理以及仿中唇舌柔顺机构设计等关键问题。通过SEM和TEM等微观表征技术,观察了清晰的中唇舌结构。中唇舌表面形貌为具刚毛、多分节的柔性杆状结构,其背侧和腹侧均存在凹槽且凹槽被细小的刚毛覆盖。中唇舌由内部弹性柔杆和外部较坚硬的鞘组成,内部无肌肉及其他驱动类结构,但是在柔杆的末端附着着两条收缩肌。利用高速摄像系统,揭示了蜜蜂饮蜜运动学规律。在饮蜜过程中,蜜蜂通过中唇舌不断地伸出与回缩将液体运输到口器内部。通过侧视观察,发现中唇舌刚毛异步直竖规律,在饮蜜过程中,其基部刚毛较端部刚毛会先直竖,且其角度较大;通过俯视观察,发现中唇舌伸长与刚毛直竖的同步进行规律,并进行死体拉伸试验证明了该规律的正确性。从饮蜜效率角度出发,建立了刚毛泄漏率计算模型,中唇舌能推动夹带在刚毛中间的溶液进入口中;建立了饮蜜速率模型和刚毛直竖异步规律模型,分析了刚毛直竖对饮蜜速率的增益以及刚毛异步直竖的节能作用。在机构运动学角度,通过解剖及SEM进一步观察了中唇舌分节结构,建立了中唇舌分节结构模型,采用伪刚体法分析了该柔顺机构,阐明了刚毛直竖机理。中唇舌分节结构呈波浪形,各节类似于柔性摇杆滑块机构,节间褶在刚毛运动时能储存弹性势能,该能量是刚毛直竖的驱动。建立了仿中唇舌两柔性杆摇杆滑块模型,采用伪刚体模型法对模型进行了分析,并基于相应的分析结果给出了此类机构的设计方法。该方法可得到满足驱动力和弹性势能储存能力等要求的机构。
[Abstract]:With the application and development of micro fluid technology, it is necessary to study the new micro fluid drive and control technology. Bee as a typical insect with chewing and sucking mouthpiece, its honey drinking mechanism may provide a new design reference for high concentration / viscosity microfluid transport device. As early as the 1950s, the honeybee mouthpiece structure and the mechanism of honey drinking received extensive attention of scholars, but due to the observation accuracy and photography technology limitations and many other problems. The mechanism of honeybee honey drinking has not been systematically revealed in terms of mouthpiece structure and kinematic behavior. In this paper, the microstructures of lips and tongue in bees, the movement and mechanism of lips and tongue during honey drinking, and the design of supple mechanism of lips and tongue in imitation are studied. The structure of middle lip and tongue was observed by SEM and TEM techniques. The surface morphology of the middle lip and tongue is bristled and multi-segmented flexible rod-like structure. There are grooves in the dorsal and ventral sides and the grooves are covered by fine bristles. The middle lip and tongue are composed of the inner elastic flexible rod and the outer hard sheath. There is no muscle and other driving structure inside, but there are two contractile muscles attached to the end of the flexible rod. The kinematics of honeybee honey drinking was revealed by using a high speed camera system. In the process of drinking honey, the bee carries the liquid into the mouthpiece by constantly protruding and retracting the tongue. Through side observation, it was found that the bristles of middle lip and tongue were erect asynchronously and vertically. In the process of drinking honey, the bristles at the base of the bristles were erect first than the bristles at the end, and their angles were larger. By looking down, we found that the lengthening of the middle lip and tongue and the synchronization of the erect bristles with the bristles were carried out at the same time. The validity of the rule is proved by the dead body tensile test. From the point of view of honey drinking efficiency, a model for calculating the setae leakage rate is established, in which the medium lip and tongue can push the solution entrained in the middle of the bristles into the mouth, and the model of the rate of honey drinking and the model of the vertical asynchronous rule of bristles are established. The gain of bristles on honey drinking rate and the energy saving effect of bristles are analyzed. From the kinematics point of view, the middle lip and tongue segmental structure was further observed by dissection and SEM, and the model of the middle lip and tongue segment structure was established. The mechanism of bristles erect was analyzed by pseudo-rigid body method. The structure of the middle lip and tongue is wavy, and each node is similar to the flexible rocker slider mechanism. The internode fold can store the elastic potential energy when the bristles move, which is driven by the vertical bristles. In this paper, a slider model of two flexible bars is established, and the pseudo-rigid body model is used to analyze the model. Based on the corresponding analysis results, the design method of this kind of mechanism is given. This method can obtain the mechanism which meets the requirements of driving force and elastic potential energy storage ability.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q811;TH112
，

本文编号：1862665