泛喜马拉雅地区香青属植物系统分类学研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 07:44

本文选题：香青属 + 鼠灩草族　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：香青属Anaphalis DC.隶属菊科Compositae/Asteraceae鼠麴草族Gnaphalieae,约有110种,是亚洲鼠灩草族最大的属。泛喜马拉雅地区指喜马拉雅山及其邻近地区,是一个自然的植物地理单元,是研究植物分类与系统进化的热点地区。该地区是香青属物种多样化最丰富的地区,分布的香青属物种占其总数的60-70%。香青属属下类群数量多,种间性状存在交叉现象,不易划分,种间界限模糊不清,是菊科系统学研究的难点之一。本研究通过对泛喜马拉雅地区的香青属植物的文献及标本进行统计整理和研究考证,旨在摸清该地区香青属的种类和地理分布,结合香青属瘦果表面微形态特征以及分子系统学的研究,探讨属下种间以及该属与近缘属之间的系统学关系,为世界范围内的香青属研究和鼠麴草族植物的系统学研究以及泛喜马拉雅地区植物多样性研究提供依据。1.香青属瘦果表面微形态特征研究本研究通过对香青属29个类群的瘦果表面微形态特征进行电镜扫描观察,比较瘦果的形状、大小,表皮细胞的排列方式、外壁纹饰及上表皮蜡质发育程度等特征。研究结果表明:瘦果表面微形态特征在种间差别明显,根据瘦果表面纹饰的不同,可以将香青属分为两种类型:Ⅰ.网纹+横棒状突起型,包括珠光系的A.margaritacea和A.margaritacea var.angustifolia,蛛毛系的A.busua以及球苞系的所有种类;Ⅱ.舌状突起型,包括珠光系的A.contortiformis、香青系、亚灌木系、淡黄系、木根系、和污毛系的所有种类。瘦果表面微形态特征在传统划分的香青属属下分类系统的不同的组和系之间存在交叉现象,但基本符合“系”级水平的划分。2.分子系统学研究本研究对72个香青属分类群的叶绿体基因(cpDNA)片段psbA-trnH、trnLF和rpl32-trnL以及核基因(nrDNA)ITS进行扩增测序,结合Genbank中的相关序列构建系统发育树,从分子水平上探讨香青属与近缘属以及香青属属下的系统学关系。研究结果表明:1)不支持香青属是单系群。用叶绿体基因(psbAtrnH+trnL-F+rpl32-trnL)序列构建系统进化树中,香青属物种被分为两支,一支包括A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis和A.triplinervis,另一支包括大部分的香青属物种;用ITS序列构建的系统进化树中,香青属物种也分别聚集在两个大的进化支内,一支包括A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis,A.triplinervis,A.porphyrolepis,A.virgata和A.adnata,另一支包括大部分的香青属物种;在两种基因构建的系统树中,两支香青属物种都嵌套在拟蜡菊属Helichrysum内。2)在ITS序列构建的系统树中A.adnata与A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis,A.triplinervis,A.porphyrolepis,A.virgata聚为一支,且具有很高的支持率(BSML=96%,PP=1),因此不支持Flora of China中将A.adnata转移到拟鼠麴草属Pseudognaphalium的处理。3)香青属与Helichrysum和Pseudognaphalium关系很近。4)用cpDNA构建的系统学关系与用nrDNA构建的系统学关系在各分支内种间存在不一致现象。3.泛喜马拉雅地区香青属分类学研究通过对泛喜马拉雅地区涉及的各地区植物志、植物名录、相关网站、专著、物种的原始文献等的广泛查阅、收集和考证以及对7100多份标本的统计、分析和研究,确定了泛喜马拉雅地区香青属植物的名录,该地区共有香青属植物66种21变种;根据查阅的标本明确了该地区每个香青属物种的地理分布,并进行了标本引证;首次对宏观形态和微观形态性状分析、比较,编制了该地区香青属植物的分种检索表。本研究宏观形态学、微观形态学以及分子系统学研究的结果都支持将香青属分为两组:Ⅰ.叶基不下延组,包括珠光系Ser.Margaripes(DC.)Boiss.和球苞系Ser.Nepalenses Ling;Ⅱ.叶基下延组,包括拟鼠灩亚属Subgen.Gnaphaliops Ling的A.bulleyana以及蛛毛系Ser.Busuae Ling、帚枝系Ser.Virgatae Boriss.、香青系Ser.Sinicae Ling、锐叶系Ser.Oxyphyllae Ling、亚灌木系Ser.Suffruticosae Ling、木根系Ser.Xylorhizae Ling、污毛系Ser.Pannosae Ling、淡黄系Ser.Flavescentes Ling,与传统划分不一致。叶基不下延的A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis,A.triplinervis和A.acutifolia系统学关系近,在分子系统学研究中聚为一支,且瘦果表面都具有网纹和横棒状突起;本研究涉及的叶基下延的类群系统学关系近,在分子系统学研究中聚为一支,且瘦果表面都具舌状突起。
[Abstract]:The Anaphalis DC. of the genus Anaphalis belongs to the Compositae Compositae/Asteraceae mouse Aspergillus Gnaphalieae, which is the largest genus of the Asiatic tribe. The pan Himalaya area refers to the Himalaya Range and its adjacent areas. It is a natural plant geographic unit. It is a hot area to study the taxonomy and phylogenetic evolution of plants. The number of 60-70%. genias in the most abundant species of species, the interspecific character of interspecies, interspecific and interspecific, is one of the difficulties in the systematic study of the Compositae. This study was carried out through the literature and specimens of the herbs of the genera in the pan Himalaya region. The purpose of this study is to find out the species and geographical distribution of the genus genus in this area. The systematic study of the micromorphological features and molecular systematics of the achenes of the genus penis and the phylogenetic relationship between the genus and the genera and the genera are discussed in order to study the phylogeny and the phylogeny of the genus Aspergillus. The study of plant diversity in the pan Himalaya area provides a basis for the study of the micromorphological characteristics of the achenes surface of the.1. genus. By scanning the micromorphological features of the achenes surface of 29 groups of the genus scent, the shape and size of the achenes, the arrangement of the epidermal cells, the ornamentation of the outer wall and the wax development of the upper epidermis were compared. The results show that the micromorphological characteristics of the surface of the achenes are distinct between the species. According to the different ornamentation of the surface of the achenes, the genus can be divided into two types: 1. The reticulated and transverse rod type, including the A.margaritacea and A.margaritacea var.angustifolia of the pearlite, the A.busua of the arachnoid system and all kinds of the ball bracts; The tongue shaped protuberance, including the A.contortiformis of the pearlite, the shrub, the shrub, the light yellow system, the root system, and all kinds of dirty hair lines. The micromorphological characteristics of the surface of the achenes are intersecting between the different groups and lines of the traditional taxonomic system of the subdivision of the genus geniene, but basically conform to the "line" level division of the.2. molecular system. In this study, the chloroplast gene (cpDNA) psbA-trnH, trnLF, rpl32-trnL and nuclear gene (nrDNA) ITS of 72 taxa of the genus chloroplast were amplified and sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed in conjunction with the sequence of Genbank. The phylogenetic relationship between the genus chloroplast and the genus of the genus chloroplast and the genus chloroplast was discussed at the molecular level. 1) 1) the genus chloroplast is unsupported. In the phylogenetic tree of the chloroplast gene (psbAtrnH+trnL-F+rpl32-trnL), the species of the genus chloroplast are divided into two branches, one includes A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis and A.triplinervis, and the other includes most of the species of the genus chloroplast; the phylogenetic tree, constructed by the ITS sequence, is a phylogenetic tree. Species are also clustered in two large evolutionary branches, one including A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis, A.triplinervis, A.porphyrolepis, A.virgata and A.adnata, and the other including most of the species of the genus genus; in the system tree constructed by the two genes, two species of the genus genus are nested in the Helichrysum.2 in the genus rem, and in the ITS sequence. A.adnata and A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis, A.triplinervis, A.porphyrolepis, A.virgata in the built system tree are one, and have a high support rate (BSML=96%, PP=1). Therefore, it does not support Flora of China. Near.4) the phylogenetic relationship constructed by cpDNA and the relationship between systems built by nrDNA and interspecies in the various branches are incongeny. The taxonomy of the genre in the pan Himalaya region of.3. is widely consulted through the extensive access to the flora, plant list, related websites, monographs, and primitive literature of the species in the pan Himalaya region. The collection, the textual research and the statistics, analysis and study of the more than 7100 specimens confirm the list of the herbs of the genera in the pan Himalaya region. There are 66 21 varieties of the genus vara in this area. The geographical distribution of each species of the genus vara in this area is clarified and the specimen is cited. Character analysis and comparison, the classification of the species of the genus vane was compiled. The results of macromorphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny were divided into two groups: I. The non lower leaf base group, including the pearlite Ser.Margaripes (DC.) Boiss. and the ball bract Ser.Nepalenses Ling; II. The leaf base deferred group, It includes the A.bulleyana of Subgen.Gnaphaliops Ling and Ser.Busuae Ling of the arachnoid system, the Ser.Virgatae Boriss. of the broom branch, the Ser.Sinicae Ling of the fragrant green system, the Ser.Oxyphyllae Ling of the sharp leaves, the subshrub Ser.Suffruticosae. The traditional division of A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis, A.triplinervis, and A.acutifolia is closely related to the molecular phylogeny, and the surface of the achenes has a mesh and a transverse rod. The phylogeny of the lower leaf base of this study is close to the study of molecular phylogeny. Branched, and the surface of the achenes has a tongue shaped protuberance.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q949

【相似文献】