不同频次消毒对活禽市场禽流感病毒的影响

发布时间：2018-06-12 04:25

本文选题：活禽市场 + 清洗消毒　；参考：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:活禽市场在禽流感病毒的储存、繁殖以及传播的过程中扮演着非常重要的角色。因此,对活禽市场的科学管理是目前从源头上防控禽流感的有效措施,本研究通过对不同频率消毒效果进行评价,并且观察消毒后禽流感病毒的消长情况,掌握活禽市场中禽流感病毒的消长规律,为活禽市场的科学管理提供理论依据。方法:(1)消毒采样,选择城区所有农贸市场中禽类产品比较丰富的5个大型农贸市场为研究现场。对每个市场内所有活禽摊点采取不同频次的消毒措施,并选定其中3个摊点进行后续采样,不足3个摊点则全部采样。(2)实验室检测,环境标本在采集后1周内使用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)进行A型流感病毒核酸检测,阳性标本再进行病毒培养分离。(3)数据分析,利用Epidata3.0创建数据库并进行数据的录入,应用spss17.0软件包进行统计分析。统计方法采用描述性统计分析、卡方检验、重复测量资料的方差分析和广义估计方程(Generalized Estimated Equation,GEE),假设检验的显著性水准设为0.05,当P0.05时,认为有统计学意义。结果:(1)5家活禽市场共采集样本1646份,393份标本A型流感病毒阳性(核酸阳性率为23.88%),172份标本病毒培养阳性(病毒分离率为43.77%)。污水标本病毒核酸阳性率最高,达34.42%。不同类型标本核酸阳性率差异有统计学意义(X2=44.23,P=0.000)。各市场环境标本的核酸阳性率(X2=48.2,P=0.000)与病毒分离率(X2=11.72,P=0.002)之间有统计学意义。(2)首次清洗前后的核酸阳性率有统计学意义(X2=6.6,P=0.01),而清洗前后的病毒分离率、消毒前后的核酸阳性率和病毒分离率均没有统计学意义。(3)活禽市场复营业第一天,不同干预措施之间核酸阳性率有统计学意义(F=5.05,P=0.028),通过成对比较得知,消毒市场与对照市场之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。(4)5个活禽市场每日采样结果,市场间差异有统计学意义(WaldX2=170.897,P=0.000),时间差异有统计学意义(WaldX2=31.743,P=0.000)。与对照市场相比,4个干预市场M1、M2、M3、M4的OR值分别为0.746、0.880、0.844、0.917。结论:(1)五个活禽市场所有类型标本均检测出禽流感病毒核酸阳性,且除鸽咽拭子外,均分离出禽流感病毒。污水的核酸阳性率最高,其次为鸡咽拭子和容器;鸡咽拭子的病毒分离率最高,其次为脱毛机和污水。(2)4个干预市场首次清洗消毒前后,只有清洗前后的核酸阳性率有明显变化。复营业第一天,各市场禽类咽拭子标本核酸阳性率及病毒分离率处于同一水平。消毒市场环境标本的核酸阳性率在1小时内就上升到了稳定的污染水平,且低于同时间的对照市场和消毒市场的首次检测结果。(3)与对照市场相比,每日消毒、每3天消毒一次和每7天消毒一次的干预措施效果明显,其中每日消毒的效果最明显,研究期间,每日的核酸阳性率均低于对照市场。除每日消毒的市场外,其他三个干预市场外环境中的病毒核酸阳性率在48小时之内就会上升至与对照市场相同的水平。而病毒分离率在72小时之内均上升至与对照市场相同的水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: the live poultry market plays a very important role in the storage, propagation and transmission of avian influenza virus. Therefore, the scientific management of the live poultry market is an effective measure to prevent and control avian influenza from the source at the source. This study evaluates the disinfection effect at different frequencies and observes the decline of avian influenza virus after disinfection. To grasp the law of avian influenza virus growth in the live poultry market and provide theoretical basis for the scientific management of the live poultry market. Methods: (1) to disinfect sampling and select 5 large farmers' markets in all farmers' markets in the urban area as the research site. 3 of them were selected for follow-up sampling, and less than 3 stalls were all sampled. (2) laboratory testing, environmental specimens were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for A virus nucleic acid detection, and the positive specimens were then separated by virus culture in 1 weeks after collection. (3) data analysis, and the use of Epidata3.0 Database and data entry, SPSS17.0 software package for statistical analysis. Statistical methods are descriptive statistical analysis, chi square test, repeated measurements of variance analysis and generalized estimation equation (Generalized Estimated Equation, GEE), the hypothesis test of explicit level is set to 0.05, when P0.05, think there is statistical meaning Results: (1) 1646 samples were collected from 5 live poultry markets, 393 specimens of A influenza virus positive (nucleic acid positive rate 23.88%), 172 specimens of virus culture positive (virus isolation rate 43.77%). The positive rate of virus nucleic acid in sewage specimens was the highest, and the difference of nucleic acid positive rate of different types of 34.42%. specimens was statistically significant (X2=44.23, P=0.000). The positive rate of nucleic acid (X2=48.2, P=0.000) and virus isolation rate (X2=11.72, P=0.002) in all the market environment specimens were statistically significant. (2) the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after the first cleaning was statistically significant (X2=6.6, P=0.01), but the virus isolation rate before and after cleaning, the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after the elimination of poison and the virus isolation rate were not statistically significant. (3) The first day of the live poultry market, the positive rate of nucleic acid between different interventions was statistically significant (F=5.05, P=0.028). The difference between the disinfection market and the control market was statistically significant (P=0.013). (4) the 5 live poultry markets sampled daily fruit, and there was a statistically significant difference between the markets (WaldX2=170.897, P=0.000). The difference was statistically significant (WaldX2=31.743, P=0.000). Compared with the control market, the OR values of M1, M2, M3 and M4 in the 4 intervention markets were 0.746,0.880,0.844,0.917. conclusion: (1) all the specimens of five live poultry markets detected the positive of avian influenza virus nucleic acid, and the avian influenza virus was isolated from the pigeon swabs. The nucleic acid positive of the sewage was positive. The rate of chicken swab swab and container was the highest, the virus isolation rate of chicken swab swab was the highest, followed by the hair removal machine and sewage. (2) before and after the first cleaning and disinfection in the 4 intervention markets, the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after cleaning was obviously changed. The positive rate of nucleic acid and the rate of virus separation in the poultry swab specimens of each market were in the same water on the first day of business. The positive rate of nucleic acid in the disinfection market environment specimens increased to a stable level of pollution within 1 hours, and was lower than the first test results of the same time control market and the disinfection market. (3) the effect of daily disinfection, disinfection once every 3 days and once every 7 days was obvious compared with the control market, and the effect of daily disinfection was effective. The positive rate of nucleic acid was lower than the control market during the study period. In addition to the daily disinfection market, the positive rate of virus nucleic acid in the other three intervening markets increased to the same level as the control market in 48 hours, and the virus isolation rate increased to the same water as the control market at 72. Flat.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S852.65

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