地形对昆明机场一次典型大雾天气的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 14:43

【摘要】：本文以昆明长水国际机场一次典型锋面雾的天气现象为实证研究对象,使用机场气象要素的观测数据,利用WRF数值模式模拟了该机场2015年12月24日至26日的大雾天气的整个过程,通过三组对比试验得到最优模拟方案。据统计昆明机场冬季锋面雾占大雾总天数的86%,本次大雾为典型锋面雾现象,因此具有一定的代表性。研究通过修改昆明长水国际机场周边的地形地貌,对比分析不同地形对同一气候条件影响下的地面温度、风速风向、相对湿度、露点温度等主要气象要素。分别从修改周边山脉走向、修改山脉高度、修改下垫面类型三个方面,分析不同地形对机场大雾天气的影响。本文主要从气象角度出发,研究结果为WRF数值模拟在民航运行和机场选址中的应用提供了新的途径和思路。试验结果表明,(1)模拟大雾时5层热扩散路面方案优于Noah方案,iz0tlnd地表层方案优于MM5地表层方案,YSU边界层参数化方案优于MYJ变化层参数化方案;(2)不同山脉走向影响各气象要素的变化,昆明机场大雾受周边山脉走向影响较大,机场选址时应考虑风向与周围山脉的走势,尽量避免选在山脉中部的山谷地带;(3)在机场选址时山脉高度主要影响温度和风场,应尽量避免海拔过高、周边地形复杂的地区,地势相对平坦的地区更有利于修建机场;(4)不同下垫面类型同样会影响机场的气象条件,选址时尽量避免水域较多区域、植被、森林覆盖率较高区域,靠近城区位置一般温度较高,较为适合修建机场。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the weather phenomenon of a typical frontal fog at Changshui International Airport in Kunming is taken as an empirical study object, and the observation data of the meteorological elements of the airport are used. WRF numerical model is used to simulate the whole process of heavy fog weather in the airport from 24 to 26 December 2015. The optimal simulation scheme is obtained through three sets of comparative experiments. According to statistics, winter frontal fog accounts for 86 days of the total fog at Kunming Airport. This fog is a typical front fog phenomenon, so it is representative. By modifying the topography and landform around Kunming Changshui International Airport, the main meteorological factors such as surface temperature, wind direction, relative humidity and dew point temperature under the influence of different landforms on the same climatic conditions are compared and analyzed. The influence of different terrain on the fog weather of the airport is analyzed from three aspects: modifying the direction of the surrounding mountain range, modifying the mountain height and modifying the type of underlying surface. From the point of view of meteorology, this paper provides a new approach and train of thought for the application of WRF numerical simulation in civil aviation operation and airport location. The experimental results show that: (1) the five layer thermal diffusion pavement scheme is superior to Noah's scheme and the MM5 surface layer scheme is better than the MM5 surface layer scheme, the parameterization scheme of YSU boundary layer is superior to the MYJ variable layer parameterization scheme, (2) the different mountain strike affects each other. Changes in meteorological elements, The heavy fog of Kunming Airport is greatly affected by the direction of the surrounding mountains, and the direction of the wind and the trend of the surrounding mountains should be taken into account in the selection of the airport site, so as to avoid choosing the valley zone in the middle of the mountain range as far as possible; (3) the height of the mountain range mainly affects the temperature and the wind field when the airport is chosen. We should try our best to avoid areas with too high altitude and complicated terrain around them, and areas with relatively flat terrain are more conducive to the construction of airports; (4) different types of underlying surfaces will also affect the meteorological conditions of airports, and they should try their best to avoid areas with more water areas and vegetation when choosing their sites. High forest coverage area, near the city temperature is generally higher, more suitable for the construction of airports.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V321.222

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