三江平原蛤蟆通河流域地下水补、径、排特征及水化学演化规律

发布时间：2018-07-28 06:51

【摘要】：蛤蟆通河流域地处三江平原南端,是宝清县重要的粮食产区。随着工农业的快速发展,工业用水、农业灌溉用水和居民生活用水需求日益增加,流域内已经出现了地下水位下降和水质恶化等环境地质问题。本文以三江平原蛤蟆通河流域为研究区,通过野外水文地质调查、水土样品采集,并结合水文地质条件分析和同位素(~(18)O、D、~3H、~(14)C)技术查明地表水和地下水的补给来源及水力联系、地下水的年龄、可更新速率;同时,运用相关分析、因子分析法、离子比值法和反向地球化学模拟技术,识别流域水化学组分的来源及形成演化规律。研究结果表明:研究区河水主要受到大气降水和山前侧向径流补给,平原区河水与地下水水力联系较弱;第四系孔隙水主要受到大气降水及第三系裂隙孔隙水侧向径流补给,排泄方式主要为侧向径流和人工开采;第三系裂隙孔隙水主要受到基岩裂隙水的侧向径流补给。埋深小于30m,第四系孔隙水地下水滞留时间在漏斗区为5-16年左右,非漏斗区为170-250年左右;埋深大于30米,地下水年龄为3000-5000年左右。地下水年更新速率在八五三农场六分场一带(漏斗区)为0.72~7.2%/a,在非漏斗区为0.34~0.50%/a。第三系裂隙孔隙水年龄在7000到20000年,年更新速率在山前为0.035%/a,台地区为0.005~0.016%/a左右;平原区为0.001~0.003%/a左右。研究区地下水化学类型有HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3-Ca·Mg、HCO_3-Ca·Mg·Na、HCO_3-Na·Ca·Mg、HCO_3-Na·Ca和HCO_3-Na,自山前向低平原区,地下水化学类型主要从HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3-Ca·Mg变为HCO_3-Na·Ca·Mg、HCO_3-Na·Ca。控制研究区水化学组分形成的作用主要为CO_2、斜长石、方解石、黑云母的溶解,Ca-Na离子交换,蒙脱石的沉淀及人类的农业活动。上述研究成果可以为蛤蟆通河流域地下水的合理开发利用与保护提供依据。
[Abstract]:Toad River Basin is located in the southern end of Sanjiang Plain, is an important grain production area in Baoqing County. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the demand for industrial water, agricultural irrigation water and residential water use is increasing day by day, and environmental geological problems such as the decrease of groundwater level and the deterioration of water quality have appeared in the basin. In this paper, the Toad River Basin of Sanjiang Plain is taken as the study area. Through field hydrogeological survey, soil and water sample collection, hydrogeological condition analysis and isotopic (~ (18) ODU ~ (3H) ~ (14) C) technique, the source and hydraulic connection of surface water and groundwater recharge are investigated. At the same time, correlation analysis, factor analysis, ion ratio method and reverse geochemical simulation are used to identify the source and evolution of hydrochemical components in the basin. The results show that the river water in the study area is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation and lateral runoff in front of mountains, the hydraulic relation between river water and groundwater is weak in plain area, and the pore water in Quaternary system is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation and lateral runoff of fissure pore water in the third system. The discharge mode is mainly lateral runoff and artificial mining, and the pore water of Tertiary fissure is mainly recharged by lateral runoff of bedrock fissure water. The buried depth is less than 30m, the retention time of Quaternary pore-water groundwater is about 5-16 years in the funnel area and 170-250 years in the non-funnel area, and the buried depth is more than 30 meters, and the groundwater age is about 3000-5000 years. The annual regeneration rate of groundwater in the sixth branch of the 853 farm (funnel area) is 0.72 / 7.2 / a, and in the non-funnel area is 0.34 / 0.50 / a. The pore water age of the Tertiary fissure ranges from 7000 to 2000, and the annual regeneration rate is 0.035 / a in front of the mountains, 0.005 / 0.016 / a in the Taiwan area and 0.001 / 0.003 / a in the plain area. The chemical types of groundwater in the study area are HCO-3-CaAC-HCO3-Ca mg / HCO3-Ca / NaHCO3-Ca / NaHCO3-Na / HCO3-Na / HCO3-Na and HCO3-Na / HCO3-Na.The chemical types of groundwater have mainly changed from HCO _ 3-CaS _ (3-Ca) mg to HCO_3-Na Ca / MgHCO _ 3-Na _ (Ca) from the front of the mountain to the low plain. The main functions of controlling the formation of water chemical components in the study area are CO _ 2, plagioclase, calcite, dissolution of biotite, Ca-Na ion exchange, precipitation of montmorillonite and human agricultural activities. The above research results can provide the basis for the reasonable exploitation and protection of groundwater in Toad Tonghe River Basin.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.6

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