寒地住宅建筑微气候适应性设计策略研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 12:06

【摘要】：气候是建筑环境的本质,也是建筑舒适和节能的源头。因为气候的客观存在,人类为了寻求庇护和抵御不利的气候环境而创造了建筑。然而,随着现代科技水平不断提高,人类为了提高建筑的使用舒适性,在现代建筑设计中逐渐淡化了对建筑本质的考虑,忽视了建筑对气候条件的适应性,更多的依赖空调等机械手段来实现恒温恒湿的人工微气候环境。这种以消耗不可再生能源为基础的方式在一定程度上造成了严重的资源浪费和能源消耗。从建筑环境的本质——气候的角度出发,在以舒适性为目标的微气候适应性被动式建筑设计过程中,将自然力量的作用和气候资源的潜能发挥到最大程度,做到满足人类舒适性的前提下最小消耗自然界能源,不仅降低能耗与污染,还创造舒适宜人的居住环境,对环境保护、资源利用、人与自然和谐相处等有着重要意义。在我国历年的建设总量中,住宅建筑始终占有很大的比重,其中寒冷地区住宅建筑采暖能耗等问题较为突出。正是在这样的背景下,如何以微气候环境视角对寒冷地区住宅建筑的舒适与节能问题进行积极和深入的探讨已经成为当今建筑设计的一个研究热点。本文以寒冷地区住宅建筑为研究载体,以微气候环境视角对寒地住宅建筑的舒适与节能问题进行研究。重点从以下几个方面进行阐述和探讨:1)以建筑气候学、绿色建筑设计为基础,分析总结寒地住宅建筑舒适、节能问题与微气候的关系;2)通过问卷、实地调研与分析,从中获取寒地居民对住宅建筑微气候环境的相关主观评价状况和需求。3)从寒地住区场地规划布局和住宅建筑单体设计两个阶段,在原建筑设计基础上,针对建筑各设计阶段的微气候环境因素分析,利于Ecotect、Phoenics和Airpak相关绿色建筑软件模拟和现场实测等处理方式,结合寒地住宅建筑案例分析,系统地总结和提出针对寒地住宅建筑微气候适应性的具体设计策略;4)从寒地住区场地规划布局和住宅建筑单体设计两个方面,结合科研工程实例进行微气候适应性设计策略分析、优化与设计实践应用,给寒冷地区住宅建筑微气候适应性设计提供参考和实践指导,从而进一步推动寒冷地区住宅建筑舒适和节能工作的开展。
[Abstract]:Climate is the essence of architectural environment, and also the source of building comfort and energy saving. Because of the existence of climate, human beings create buildings to seek shelter and resist unfavorable climate. However, with the continuous improvement of modern science and technology, in order to improve the comfort of the use of the building, the modern architectural design gradually downplayed the nature of the building, ignoring the adaptability of the building to the climatic conditions. More rely on air conditioning and other mechanical means to achieve constant temperature and humidity of the artificial microclimate environment. To some extent, this way based on consuming non-renewable energy causes serious resource waste and energy consumption. From the point of view of the nature of architectural environment-climate, in the process of passive architectural design with microclimate adaptability, the function of natural forces and the potential of climate resources are brought into full play in the design process of microclimate adaptability. To achieve the minimum consumption of natural energy under the premise of satisfying human comfort, not only reduce energy consumption and pollution, but also create a comfortable and pleasant living environment, which is of great significance to environmental protection, resource utilization, harmony between man and nature, and so on. In the past years of the total construction in China, residential buildings have always occupied a large proportion, among which the heating energy consumption of residential buildings in cold areas is more prominent. It is in this context that how to study the comfort and energy saving of residential buildings in cold areas from the perspective of microclimate has become a hot spot in architectural design nowadays. This paper studies the comfort and energy saving of residential buildings in cold regions from the view of microclimate environment. Focusing on the following aspects: 1) on the basis of architectural climatology and green building design, to analyze and summarize the relationship between residential comfort, energy conservation and microclimate in cold regions. 2) through questionnaire, field investigation and analysis, From this, we obtain the subjective evaluation condition and demand of residential building microclimate environment. 3) from the two stages of site layout and residential building monomer design in cold area, on the basis of original architectural design, According to the analysis of microclimate and environmental factors in each design stage of the building, it is beneficial to deal with the related green building software simulation and field measurement of EcotectPhoenix and Airpak, combined with the case study of residential building in cold region. This paper systematically summarizes and puts forward the specific design strategies for the microclimate adaptability of residential buildings in cold regions (4) from the two aspects of site planning and layout and individual design of residential buildings in cold regions, The microclimate adaptability design strategy analysis, optimization and practical application are carried out in combination with scientific research and engineering examples, which provide reference and practical guidance for the design of microclimate adaptability of residential buildings in cold areas. In order to further promote the cold area residential building comfort and energy-saving work.
【学位授予单位】：河北建筑工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241;TU119

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