蛋坨子岛鸟类多样性及黑尾鸥繁殖习性研究
发布时间：2018-07-29 13:44
【摘要】：蛋坨子岛是大连城山头海滨地貌国家级自然保护区的核心区。基于明确岛上各鸟类种群数量及优势种群黑尾鸥繁殖习性的目的,本研究于2013年和2014年,使用样点法分区对蛋坨子岛上各鸟类种群及保护区周边鸟类取食地共进行18次调查,并对黑尾鸥的繁殖过程进行持续追踪调查。通过调查积累了大量的一手资料,主要完成了三项研究内容:蛋坨子岛上黑尾鸥繁殖生态学研究、蛋坨子岛鸟类多样性调查以及城山头地区海洋鸟类取食地调查。通过调查研究主要得出以下结果和结论:(1)蛋坨子岛上的黑尾鸥大多数在5月下旬产卵,一般每巢产下2到3枚卵。育雏期的亲鸟每天喂食2-3次,主要食物为小型鱼类和沙蚕等底栖生物。雏鸟一般出生后2-3日龄雏后换羽,7日龄左右可以行走,35日龄左右出飞,40日龄左右稚后换羽。(2)标记观察的30巢中共60枚卵,有11枚失踪,4枚弃卵,1枚雏鸟破壳后死亡,其余44枚均正常孵化。黑尾鸥卵尺寸为(59.30mm-66.48mm)×(41.14mm-45.58mm),重量为56.10g-66.13g。(3)蛋坨子岛上有15种鸟类,分属9科10属,有12种鸟类分属5类区系,此外,还有3种鸟类不易归类。其中主要类型为东北型,共5种,古北型、全北型和东洋型各2种,季风型1种,其余3种不易归类的鸟类都可划分为广义上的古北型。岛上以夏候鸟为主,15种鸟类中有14种为夏候鸟,1种为留鸟。在所有鸟类中,游禽与涉禽最多,各4种,鸣禽3种,攀禽2种,猛禽和陆禽各1种。(4)在岛上所有鸟类中,黑尾鸥为绝对优势种,综合各次调查的得到的平均值为7514只;其次为海鸬鹚,调查平均值为677只;其余种群都在百只以内,数量最少的是黄斑苇滮和戴胜,各有1只。(5)岛上各月份各区的Shannon-Wiener指数均较小,7月各区的Shannon-Wiener指数均高于5月、6月。蛋坨子岛总的F指数0.56,而G指数为2.21,G-F指数为-2.93。(6)在取食地调查中,所有观测点均有黑尾鸥分布。其中青云河口主要是鹭类、鹬类等涉禽的取食地,登沙河口主要是鸬鹚和鸭类的取食地,石槽村为黑尾鸥最主要的取食地,白鹭和鸬鹚也经常在此取食。春季各观测点的取食海鸟种类和数量均高于夏季。
[Abstract]:Futuozi Island is the core area of Dalian City Mountain head Seashore National Nature Reserve. Based on the purpose of determining the number of bird populations and dominant populations on the island, a total of 18 surveys were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on the bird populations and the bird feeding areas around the reserve by using the sampling method in order to determine the breeding habits of the black tail gulls on the island. The breeding process of black tail gulls was investigated continuously. Through the investigation and accumulation of a large number of primary data, mainly completed three research contents: the study of breeding ecology of black tail gulls on Egtuozi Island, the investigation of bird diversity in Egtuozi Island and the investigation of foraging land of marine birds in Chengshantou area. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) most of the black tail gulls on Tuozi Island lay eggs in late May and generally lay 2 to 3 eggs per nest. The parent birds were fed 2-3 times a day. The main food was small fish and silkworm and other benthos. The nestling can walk about 35 days old and leave 40 days old about 40 days old. (2) there are 60 eggs in 30 nests, 11 missing eggs, 4 abandoned eggs, 1 baby bird died after breaking the shell, the nestlings can walk about 35 days old or so after 2 to 3 days of life, and then the young birds can leave their larvae about 40 days old. (2) A total of 60 eggs were observed in 30 nestling nestlings, and 11 of them were missing. The other 44 hatched normally. The egg size of black tailed gull is (59.30mm-66.48mm) 脳 (41.14mm-45.58mm), and the weight is 56.10g-66.13g. (3) there are 15 species of birds, belonging to 9 families and 10 genera, and 12 species belong to 5 fauna. In addition, 3 species of birds are not easily classified. Among them, the main types are northeast type (5 species), paleo-northern type (2 species), all-north type (2 species) and oriental type (2 species), and monsoon type (1 species). The other three species of birds, which are difficult to classify, can all be classified as Palaeard type in a broad sense. Among the 15 species, 14 species are summer birds and 1 species is resident bird. Among all the birds, game birds and wading birds were the most, with 4 species each, 3 species of songbirds, 2 species of climbing birds, 1 species of raptor and 1 species of land birds. (4) among all the birds on the island, black tail gulls were the dominant species, and the average value of each survey was 7514; The next was sea cormorant, with an average of 677, and the other populations were within 100, with the lowest number being phragmites and one each. (5) the Shannon-Wiener index was smaller in each region of the island in every month, and the Shannon-Wiener index in July was higher than that in May and June. The total F index of Futuozi Island was 0.56, while the G index was -2.93.The G index was -2.93. (6) in the forage survey, all observation points had the distribution of blacktail gulls. The Qingyun Estuary is mainly heron, snipe, and so on, and the Dengsha Estuary is mainly the feeding place for cormorants and ducks. Shiguo Village is the main feeding place for black-tailed gulls, and the egrets and cormorants are also often fed here. The species and quantity of seabirds in spring were higher than those in summer.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958
本文编号：2152861
[Abstract]:Futuozi Island is the core area of Dalian City Mountain head Seashore National Nature Reserve. Based on the purpose of determining the number of bird populations and dominant populations on the island, a total of 18 surveys were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on the bird populations and the bird feeding areas around the reserve by using the sampling method in order to determine the breeding habits of the black tail gulls on the island. The breeding process of black tail gulls was investigated continuously. Through the investigation and accumulation of a large number of primary data, mainly completed three research contents: the study of breeding ecology of black tail gulls on Egtuozi Island, the investigation of bird diversity in Egtuozi Island and the investigation of foraging land of marine birds in Chengshantou area. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) most of the black tail gulls on Tuozi Island lay eggs in late May and generally lay 2 to 3 eggs per nest. The parent birds were fed 2-3 times a day. The main food was small fish and silkworm and other benthos. The nestling can walk about 35 days old and leave 40 days old about 40 days old. (2) there are 60 eggs in 30 nests, 11 missing eggs, 4 abandoned eggs, 1 baby bird died after breaking the shell, the nestlings can walk about 35 days old or so after 2 to 3 days of life, and then the young birds can leave their larvae about 40 days old. (2) A total of 60 eggs were observed in 30 nestling nestlings, and 11 of them were missing. The other 44 hatched normally. The egg size of black tailed gull is (59.30mm-66.48mm) 脳 (41.14mm-45.58mm), and the weight is 56.10g-66.13g. (3) there are 15 species of birds, belonging to 9 families and 10 genera, and 12 species belong to 5 fauna. In addition, 3 species of birds are not easily classified. Among them, the main types are northeast type (5 species), paleo-northern type (2 species), all-north type (2 species) and oriental type (2 species), and monsoon type (1 species). The other three species of birds, which are difficult to classify, can all be classified as Palaeard type in a broad sense. Among the 15 species, 14 species are summer birds and 1 species is resident bird. Among all the birds, game birds and wading birds were the most, with 4 species each, 3 species of songbirds, 2 species of climbing birds, 1 species of raptor and 1 species of land birds. (4) among all the birds on the island, black tail gulls were the dominant species, and the average value of each survey was 7514; The next was sea cormorant, with an average of 677, and the other populations were within 100, with the lowest number being phragmites and one each. (5) the Shannon-Wiener index was smaller in each region of the island in every month, and the Shannon-Wiener index in July was higher than that in May and June. The total F index of Futuozi Island was 0.56, while the G index was -2.93.The G index was -2.93. (6) in the forage survey, all observation points had the distribution of blacktail gulls. The Qingyun Estuary is mainly heron, snipe, and so on, and the Dengsha Estuary is mainly the feeding place for cormorants and ducks. Shiguo Village is the main feeding place for black-tailed gulls, and the egrets and cormorants are also often fed here. The species and quantity of seabirds in spring were higher than those in summer.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958
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