山西土石山区草本植物固土力学性能研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 15:13
【摘要】：本研究以材料力学、土力学、弹塑性力学、水土保持学、数学和植物群落学等理论为基础,采用野外试验与室内试验相结合、试验测定与理论分析相结合的技术路线,通过对山西省太原市西北山区草本植物进行样方调查和重要值分析研究,再对其中重要值较高的香根草、百喜草以及黑麦草三种植物进行根系形态分布试验和抗拉试验研究,通过形态分布试验分析根系的横截面积随深度的变化情况和不同径级段根系数量比例随深度的分布情况,通过抗拉试验研究分析其根系最大抗拉力、抗拉强度和弹性模量等力学指标与植物根系直径、标距等方面的联系;运用相关数学统计方法对所测数据进行处理,分析数据的直观和潜在意义;同时,用根面积比与根系平均抗拉强度两个参数计算粘聚力,以Wu氏模型为理论基础评价不同植物的固土能力,选择其中最为适宜的水土保持物种。本文研究结果可为林业、水土保持、植物固土护坡以及生态环境保护等研究领域提供一定的依据。本研究共涉及莲子草(Alternanthera sessilis)、车轴草(Trifolium Linn.)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、莎草(Nutgrass Galingale)、田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides L.)、百喜草Paspalum notatum Flugge)、狗尾巴草(Setaria viridis)和鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)9种草本植物,以重要值法分析研究时,通过相对频率、相对密度、地上和地下相对覆盖度四个指标进行计算,其中重要值计算结果较高的三种植物为黑麦草(29.79%)、香根草(20.19%)和百喜草(15.95%)。根系分布研究结果显示:三种植物根系大致以根颈为中心,向地下各个方向辐射状发展,并由此扩展而成网络状结构;处于中间直径段范围的根系数量占大多数,三种植物的绝大部分根系均分布在10-20cm深度的土层内,深度大于30cm的土层内根系数量则很少,粗根和细根也会随埋深的增加而减少。根系抗拉研究结果显示:根长一定时,三种植物的最大抗拉力随直径的增大而增加,单根极限抗拉强度随根系直径的增大而减小;而直径一定时,根系最大抗拉力和极限抗拉强度随根系长度的增大而减小;弹性模量均随着标距的增大而减小,且在每个标距组内,三种植物弹性模量均存在百喜草香根草黑麦草的关系。三种植物根系平均最大抗拉力关系为:香根草(16.258n)黑麦草(11.734n)百喜草(4.891n),平均极限抗拉强度关系为:百喜草(116.226mpa)黑麦草(50.839mpa)香根草(49.650mpa),平均弹性模量关系为:百喜草(20.392mpa/mm)香根草(3.257mpa/mm)黑麦草(3.245mpa/mm),平均粘聚力关系为:香根草(6.790mpa)黑麦草(5.980mpa)百喜草(5.513mpa)。本文证明了植物单根抗拉力学特性是选择适宜固土护坡物种非常重要的因素;该土石山区内的典型草本植物根系具有较好的抗拉力学特性,推测其能对浅层坡体的稳定起到积极作用;在所研究的植物中,百喜草具有最好的根系固土护坡能力,是最适宜的水土保持物种。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of material mechanics, soil mechanics, elastoplastic mechanics, soil and water conservation, mathematics and plant community science, the technical route of combining field test with laboratory test, experimental measurement and theoretical analysis is combined, and the sample investigation and important value analysis of herbaceous plants in Northwest Mountain Area of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province are investigated and studied. The root morphology distribution and tensile test of three species of vetiver, ryegrass and ryegrass, which were of higher value, were studied. Through the morphological distribution test, the change of the root cross section with depth and the distribution of root number in different diameter segments with the depth were analyzed and analyzed by the tensile test. The relationship between the maximum tensile strength, tensile strength and modulus of tensile strength and modulus of roots, the diameter of plant root and the distance of the root, and so on. The data were processed with relevant mathematical statistics to analyze the visual and potential significance of the data. At the same time, the cohesive force was calculated by two parameters of the root area ratio and the average tensile strength of the root system, and the Wu's model was used. In this paper, the results can provide a basis for forestry, soil and water conservation, soil retaining and protection of soil and ecological environment protection. This study involves Alternanthera sessilis and Trifolium Linn.. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Nutgrass Galingale, Convolvulus arvensis L., vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.), Paspalum Paspalum, and houttuynia herb, are studied by important value method, by relative frequency and phase. Four indexes of density, aboveground and underground relative coverage were calculated. Among them, three plants with higher calculation results were ryegrass (29.79%), vetiver (20.19%) and paspalum (15.95%). The results of root distribution of the three plants showed that the roots of the three plants were roughly centered in the root neck and expanded to the ground in all directions, and thus expanded. The number of roots in the middle diameter range accounted for the majority, most of the roots of the three plants were distributed in the soil layer of 10-20cm depth, and the number of root systems in the soil layer with depth greater than 30cm was very few. The root and fine roots also decreased with the increase of the depth. Root length resistance studies showed that the root length was three. The maximum tensile strength of the plant increases with the increase of diameter, and the ultimate tensile strength decreases with the increase of root diameter, while the maximum tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease with the increase of root length when the diameter is fixed, and the elastic modulus decreases with the increase of the standard distance, and three kinds of plant elasticity are in each range group. The relationship between the modulus and ryegrass of vetiver Vetiver was found. The average maximum tensile strength of three plant roots was: 16.258n (11.734n) of ryegrass (4.891n), and the average ultimate tensile strength was: 116.226mpa (50.839mpa) Vetiver (49.650mpa), and the average modulus of elasticity was 20.392mpa/ (20.392mpa/). Mm) Vetiver (3.257mpa/mm) ryegrass (3.245mpa/mm), the average cohesion is: Vetiver (6.790mpa) ryegrass (5.980mpa) paspalum (5.513mpa). This paper proves that the single root resistance of the plant is a very important factor for choosing the suitable soil protecting slope species; the root of the typical herbaceous plant in this mountainous area has a good tensile resistance. It is speculated that it can play an active role in the stability of shallow slope, and in the plants studied, it has the best ability to protect soil and soil slope, and it is the most suitable species for soil and water conservation.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948
本文编号：2170430
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of material mechanics, soil mechanics, elastoplastic mechanics, soil and water conservation, mathematics and plant community science, the technical route of combining field test with laboratory test, experimental measurement and theoretical analysis is combined, and the sample investigation and important value analysis of herbaceous plants in Northwest Mountain Area of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province are investigated and studied. The root morphology distribution and tensile test of three species of vetiver, ryegrass and ryegrass, which were of higher value, were studied. Through the morphological distribution test, the change of the root cross section with depth and the distribution of root number in different diameter segments with the depth were analyzed and analyzed by the tensile test. The relationship between the maximum tensile strength, tensile strength and modulus of tensile strength and modulus of roots, the diameter of plant root and the distance of the root, and so on. The data were processed with relevant mathematical statistics to analyze the visual and potential significance of the data. At the same time, the cohesive force was calculated by two parameters of the root area ratio and the average tensile strength of the root system, and the Wu's model was used. In this paper, the results can provide a basis for forestry, soil and water conservation, soil retaining and protection of soil and ecological environment protection. This study involves Alternanthera sessilis and Trifolium Linn.. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Nutgrass Galingale, Convolvulus arvensis L., vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.), Paspalum Paspalum, and houttuynia herb, are studied by important value method, by relative frequency and phase. Four indexes of density, aboveground and underground relative coverage were calculated. Among them, three plants with higher calculation results were ryegrass (29.79%), vetiver (20.19%) and paspalum (15.95%). The results of root distribution of the three plants showed that the roots of the three plants were roughly centered in the root neck and expanded to the ground in all directions, and thus expanded. The number of roots in the middle diameter range accounted for the majority, most of the roots of the three plants were distributed in the soil layer of 10-20cm depth, and the number of root systems in the soil layer with depth greater than 30cm was very few. The root and fine roots also decreased with the increase of the depth. Root length resistance studies showed that the root length was three. The maximum tensile strength of the plant increases with the increase of diameter, and the ultimate tensile strength decreases with the increase of root diameter, while the maximum tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease with the increase of root length when the diameter is fixed, and the elastic modulus decreases with the increase of the standard distance, and three kinds of plant elasticity are in each range group. The relationship between the modulus and ryegrass of vetiver Vetiver was found. The average maximum tensile strength of three plant roots was: 16.258n (11.734n) of ryegrass (4.891n), and the average ultimate tensile strength was: 116.226mpa (50.839mpa) Vetiver (49.650mpa), and the average modulus of elasticity was 20.392mpa/ (20.392mpa/). Mm) Vetiver (3.257mpa/mm) ryegrass (3.245mpa/mm), the average cohesion is: Vetiver (6.790mpa) ryegrass (5.980mpa) paspalum (5.513mpa). This paper proves that the single root resistance of the plant is a very important factor for choosing the suitable soil protecting slope species; the root of the typical herbaceous plant in this mountainous area has a good tensile resistance. It is speculated that it can play an active role in the stability of shallow slope, and in the plants studied, it has the best ability to protect soil and soil slope, and it is the most suitable species for soil and water conservation.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948
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