石蜡、砂、石膏作为软岩相似材料的力学性能实验研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 19:12
【摘要】：深部地下环境岩体的本构关系、几何关系和平衡关系复杂,其围岩大变形及强流变现象突出,对地下工程的顺利进行带来了极大的困难,给人员和设备的安全构成了极大的威胁,因此,深部软岩流变现象的研究对地下工程的开展和深部围岩的支护等具有重要意义。由于深部软岩所处环境复杂多变,此外,还有试验手段存在滞后性等问题,这使得通过现场直接试验法来研究深部软岩蠕变规律难以实现,所以,通过开展室内模型试验,利用相似材料来快速、高效、准确地反映软岩蠕变特性的实验方法,得到广泛的应用,对于实际工程也具有实际应用价值。本文基于国家自然科学基金项目“多场耦合深部软岩固流转化理论及能耗规律的研究”(51374134),通过大量室内试验及数值模拟,研究了石蜡、砂、石膏作为软岩相似材料时不同配比模型试件的力学特性和蠕变特性,本文主要研究内容分为以下几个方面:在阅读大量文献的基础上,根据相似材料的选择原则,最终选择了石蜡、砂、石膏作为软岩相似材料,并制备了五种不同配比的相似材料试件。通过大量的单轴、三轴、劈裂试验,获得了该相似材料的基本物理力学参数,将其与推导得出的页岩相似材料的基本物理力学参数范围做对比,验证了该相似材料满足模拟页岩的可行性,并发现:随着软岩相似材料砂胶比的增大,其单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、内聚力和内摩擦角等力学参数总体呈减小的趋势,其泊松比呈增大的趋势。通过单轴及三轴蠕变试验,研究表明:该相似材料的蠕变曲线与真实软岩在不同应力水平下的蠕变曲线相似;稳态蠕变率与轴压的关系呈指数形式变化;同种配比相似材料中,稳态蠕变率和轴向应变随轴压的增大而增大,随围压的增大而减小;轴压相同时,稳态蠕变率和轴向应变随砂胶比的增大而增大。利用ABAQUS软件模拟深部巷道的蠕变过程,研究发现:巷道的顶板与底板具有明显变形,也即巷道围岩容易出现顶板脱落和底鼓现象,这与理论分析和工程实际情况一致。
[Abstract]:The constitutive relation, geometric relation and equilibrium relation of rock mass in deep underground environment are complex, and the large deformation and strong rheological phenomena of surrounding rock mass are prominent, which brings great difficulties to the smooth progress of underground engineering. It is a great threat to the safety of personnel and equipment. Therefore, the study of rheological phenomena in deep soft rock is of great significance to the development of underground engineering and the support of deep surrounding rock. Because the environment of deep soft rock is complex and changeable, in addition, there are some problems such as lag in test means, which makes it difficult to study the creep law of deep soft rock by direct field test, so, through the laboratory model test, The experimental method of using similar materials to reflect the creep characteristics of soft rock quickly, efficiently and accurately has been widely used and has practical application value for practical engineering. Based on the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "the study of solid flow theory and energy consumption law of multi-field coupling deep soft rock" (51374134), the paraffin wax and sand are studied through a large number of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The mechanical properties and creep properties of gypsum as similar materials for soft rock are studied in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: on the basis of reading a lot of literature, according to the principle of selecting similar materials, Finally, paraffin wax, sand and gypsum are selected as soft rock similar materials, and five kinds of similar materials with different proportions are prepared. Through a large number of uniaxial, triaxial, splitting tests, the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the similar material are obtained and compared with the range of the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the shale similar material. The feasibility of the similar material to simulate shale is verified, and it is found that the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, cohesion force and friction angle of soft rock similar material decrease with the increase of the ratio of sand to cement. The Poisson's ratio is increasing. Through uniaxial and triaxial creep tests, it is shown that the creep curve of the similar material is similar to that of the true soft rock under different stress levels, the relationship between steady state creep rate and axial compression is exponentially changed, The steady state creep rate and axial strain increase with the increase of axial pressure and decrease with the increase of confining pressure, and the steady state creep rate and axial strain increase with the increase of sand / cement ratio when axial pressure is the same. The creep process of deep roadway is simulated by ABAQUS software. It is found that the roof and floor of the roadway have obvious deformation, that is, the wall rock of roadway is prone to the phenomenon of roof shedding and floor heaving, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis and engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU45
[Abstract]:The constitutive relation, geometric relation and equilibrium relation of rock mass in deep underground environment are complex, and the large deformation and strong rheological phenomena of surrounding rock mass are prominent, which brings great difficulties to the smooth progress of underground engineering. It is a great threat to the safety of personnel and equipment. Therefore, the study of rheological phenomena in deep soft rock is of great significance to the development of underground engineering and the support of deep surrounding rock. Because the environment of deep soft rock is complex and changeable, in addition, there are some problems such as lag in test means, which makes it difficult to study the creep law of deep soft rock by direct field test, so, through the laboratory model test, The experimental method of using similar materials to reflect the creep characteristics of soft rock quickly, efficiently and accurately has been widely used and has practical application value for practical engineering. Based on the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "the study of solid flow theory and energy consumption law of multi-field coupling deep soft rock" (51374134), the paraffin wax and sand are studied through a large number of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The mechanical properties and creep properties of gypsum as similar materials for soft rock are studied in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: on the basis of reading a lot of literature, according to the principle of selecting similar materials, Finally, paraffin wax, sand and gypsum are selected as soft rock similar materials, and five kinds of similar materials with different proportions are prepared. Through a large number of uniaxial, triaxial, splitting tests, the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the similar material are obtained and compared with the range of the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the shale similar material. The feasibility of the similar material to simulate shale is verified, and it is found that the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, cohesion force and friction angle of soft rock similar material decrease with the increase of the ratio of sand to cement. The Poisson's ratio is increasing. Through uniaxial and triaxial creep tests, it is shown that the creep curve of the similar material is similar to that of the true soft rock under different stress levels, the relationship between steady state creep rate and axial compression is exponentially changed, The steady state creep rate and axial strain increase with the increase of axial pressure and decrease with the increase of confining pressure, and the steady state creep rate and axial strain increase with the increase of sand / cement ratio when axial pressure is the same. The creep process of deep roadway is simulated by ABAQUS software. It is found that the roof and floor of the roadway have obvious deformation, that is, the wall rock of roadway is prone to the phenomenon of roof shedding and floor heaving, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis and engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU45
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