青藏高原地山雀的种群遗传学研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 00:45

【摘要】：地山雀(Pseudopodoceshumilis)是一种青藏高原特有的鸟类。我们使用了来自26个地理种群的425个样本,以线粒体DNA的细胞色素b基因的部分序列(890bp)作为分子标记,对地山雀的种群遗传和地理分布进行了研究,结论如下:1、890bp的序列中包含了 29个多态位点,其中简约信息位点有21个,共获得27种单倍型,其中Hap_1和Hap_2为分布最广、数量最多的单倍型,占到整个种群的65%以上,总的单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.73861,核昔酸多样性(π)为0.00221,各地理种群的单倍型多样性在0～0.81699之间,最高的为那曲:0.81699,而刚察、芒康和诺尔盖这3个种群仅包含一种单倍型。2、根据单倍型网络图和系统发育图,Hap_1和Hap_2为中心单倍型,分布范围最广,拥有最多的卫星单倍型,Hap_12和Hap_26距离其他单倍型的遗传距离最远,其地理分布也局限于青藏高原北部边缘的青海地区,以大山雀(Parusmajor)作为外群的ML树,显示Hap_9和Hap_10是最早分化的单倍型,预示着西藏东部角可能是一个冰期避难所。3、地山雀的遗传分化系数Gst=0.428855,Fst=0.67386,Hs=0.42092,各种群的Gst的范围为-0.03109～1,Fst的范围为-0.27717～1,根据Fst构建的UPGMA树,结合地理分布信息,可以把地山雀分为4个群组:北部组(青藏高原北缘的青海地区)、南部组(青藏高原东南角)、中西部组(青藏高原中西部)和东部组(青藏高原东缘)。北部组相较于其他3个组的分化程度更高,而中西部组和东部组间的分化程度很低。
[Abstract]:(Pseudopodoceshumilis) is a unique bird on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Using 425 samples from 26 geographical populations and partial sequence of cytochrome b gene (890bp) of mitochondrial DNA as molecular marker, we studied the population inheritance and geographical distribution of groundbird. The results are as follows: the sequence of 1890bp contains 29 polymorphic loci, among which 21 are parsimonious information sites. 27 haplotypes have been obtained, among which Hap_1 and Hap_2 are the most widely distributed haplotypes, accounting for more than 65% of the total population. The total haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.73861, and the nucleic acid diversity (蟺) was 0.00221. The haplotype diversity of various populations ranged from 0 to 0.81699, and the highest was Naqu: 0.81699. The three populations of Muncombe and Norgey contain only one haplotype. 2. According to haplotype networks and phylogenetic maps, Hap_1 and Hap_2 are central haplotypes, most widely distributed and with the largest number of satellite haplotypes. The genetic distance between Hap_12 and Hap_26 is the furthest from other haplotypes, and its geographical distribution is also confined to the Qinghai region on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (Parusmajor) is used as the outer group of ML trees. Hap_9 and Hap_10 are the earliest haplotypes, indicating that the eastern corner of Tibet may be an ice age shelter. 3. Genetic differentiation coefficient Gst=0.428855,Fst=0.67386,Hs=0.42092, The range of Gst of various groups is -0.03109, the range of FST is -0.277171.According to the UPGMA tree constructed by Fst and combining with geographical distribution information, it can be divided into four groups: the northern group (Qinghai region on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The southern group (southeast corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), the central and western group (central and western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) and the eastern group (eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau). The differentiation degree of the northern group was higher than that of the other three groups, but the differentiation degree between the central and western group and the eastern group was very low.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q953

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