奶牛养殖废水耐受型微藻的选育及其特性研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 07:55

【摘要】：随着奶牛养殖业的快速发展,奶牛养殖废水大量产生,给附近生态环境和居民健康造成了严重危害。为了产业的可持续发展,需要努力实现奶牛养殖废水的无害化、资源化和减量化处理。微藻培养的污水处理技术的出现,为实现奶牛养殖废水的无害化处理、资源化利用提供了可能,但如何降低微藻的培养成本是实现微藻燃料商业化发展的重中之重。微藻培养的污水处理技术将水质净化与高价值生物质的生产相耦合,实现污水处理由处理工艺向生产工艺的转变。藻种的筛选和培养体系的构建是成功实现此处理技术的关键。本论文从石家庄本地自然水体和某奶牛养殖废水中采集样品,经过BG11培养基富集,平板划线分离得到21株不同的微藻。利用奶牛养殖废水进行驯化和筛选,得到能在废水中生长、生物量较高的Z4-3。根据形态学和分子生物学鉴定,初步鉴定为小球藻。通过单因素和正交实验优化了Z4-3的生长因素,表明其最佳的培养条件为温度27±2℃,光照强度2500Lux,初始pH=7,光照周期20∶4(光∶暗,h),接种量6%(v/v);以BG11培养基为基础,调整NaNO3浓度为17.6mmol/L,K2HPO4浓度为0.18mmol/L,Z4-3的生物量可达到3.21g/L。初步研究了Z4-3在奶牛养殖废水中的生长情况,以及废水pH、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷等指标的变化情况。结果表明,藻株Z4-3能够在5倍稀释后的废水中生长,生物量可达到6.2g/L(10d);藻株Z4-3的生长代谢对废水的pH的影响不大,对化学需氧量、总氮、总磷的去除率分别可以达到约59.22%(16d)、59.25%(16d)、54.24%(16d)。对藻株Z4-3进行常压室温等离子诱变,在30s时其致死率达到95%,筛选出的优势藻株,发现其在诱变后的生物量为7.91g/L,是藻株Z4-3的1.41倍。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of dairy cattle breeding industry, the waste water from dairy cattle breeding has been produced in large quantities, which has caused serious harm to the ecological environment and the health of residents nearby. For the sustainable development of the industry, it is necessary to realize the harmless, resource and reduced treatment of dairy cattle wastewater. The emergence of wastewater treatment technology for microalgae culture provides the possibility for the harmless treatment and utilization of dairy cow culture wastewater, but how to reduce the cost of microalgae culture is the most important to realize the commercialization development of microalgae fuel. The wastewater treatment technology of microalgae culture coupled the purification of water quality with the production of high value biomass, and realized the transformation of wastewater treatment from treatment process to production process. The selection of algae species and the construction of culture system are the key to the successful implementation of this treatment technology. In this paper, 21 strains of microalgae were isolated from the natural water of Shijiazhuang and the wastewater from a dairy cow culture. The samples were enriched by BG11 medium and separated by plate marking. Z4-3, which can grow in the wastewater and has a higher biomass, was obtained by domestication and screening of dairy cattle wastewater. According to morphological and molecular biological identification, Chlorella microphylla was identified as Chlorella microphylla. The growth factors of Z4-3 were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum culture conditions were as follows: temperature 27 卤2 鈩，

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