云南产玛咖、辣木的挥发性物质研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 15:59

【摘要】：玛咖、辣木都是云南省大面积种植的外来物种。它们不仅营养丰富,而且具有多种功能活性。我们从挥发性物质角度对其进行研究。研究首先通过固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪对精心挑选出来的云南省内八个具有代表性种植区的玛咖进行挥发性物质提取分析,鉴定各产地的玛咖所含有的化学成分,用统计学分析不同产地玛咖化学成分的变化规律。在云南这八个玛咖种植区样品中共检测出69种挥发性化合物,这些成分包括12种酮类、10种醛类、9种醇类、7种酸类、6种酯类、6种烯烃、5种杂环化合物、4种腈类、4种芳香族、3种酚类、2种胺类和1种硫醚类。接着研究再转向这八个产地玛咖的挥发油,实验通过同时蒸馏萃取法提取玛咖挥发油,使用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用鉴定玛咖挥发油成分,并结合相似性评价、聚类分析和主成分分析等多种统计方法来分析玛咖挥发油的成分与各产地间玛咖挥发油的变化规律和关联性。研究结果表明,从八个产地玛咖样品中一共鉴定出挥发油成分59种,共有成分有39种,并且这39种共有成分的总含量超过了挥发油样品总量的99%。其中共有成分中含量较高的分别为异硫氰酸苄酯、苯乙腈、4-甲氧基苄基异硫氰酸酯、3-甲氧基苯乙腈、棕榈酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、苯甲醛、9,12-亚油酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯。为了进一步探究云南产玛咖的功能活性物质,采用硅胶柱色谱法对玛咖成分进行了提取、分离和纯化,并使用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱和色谱等一系列实验进行检测,结果一共鉴定出三种化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)n-苄基十六烷酰胺(N-benzylhexadecanamide)、蔗糖(Sucrose)。此外,从玛咖提取物中也分析确定出了5种玛咖酰胺,2种咪唑生物碱和2种芥子糖苷化合物。对辣木的研究选取了 17个代表种植区的辣木籽,通过石油醚萃取法提取其挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分离和鉴定其化学成分,并通过了精密度、重复性、稳定性实验进行验证。最终共鉴定出20种挥发油成分,其中9个色谱峰被鉴定为辣木籽油的特征指纹峰,从而建立了辣木挥发油成分的GC-MS指纹图谱,并通过统计学方法分析了实验所选取的17个不同种植区中辣木籽挥发油成分的异同。最后,为了研究辣木籽油的抑菌性,实验使用金黄色葡萄球菌做了抑菌测试,结果表明,辣木籽油对金黄色葡萄球菌有中等抑菌效果。
[Abstract]:Maca, spicy wood are large-scale cultivation of exotic species in Yunnan Province. They are not only nutritious, but also have a variety of functional activities. We study it from the point of view of volatile substances. In this study, the volatile substances were extracted and analyzed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in eight representative planting areas of Yunnan Province. The chemical constituents of Maca from different producing areas were identified and the changes of maca chemical constituents in different producing areas were analyzed statistically. A total of 69 volatile compounds were detected in the samples of eight Maca growing areas in Yunnan, including 12 ketones, 10 aldehydes, 9 alcohols, 7 acids, 6 esters, 6 olefins, 5 heterocyclic compounds and 4 nitriles. Four aromatics, three phenols, two amines and one sulfide. Then the study turned to the volatile oil of Maca from these eight producing areas. The volatile oil was extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction. The components of Maca volatile oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between maca volatile oil and maca volatile oil. The results showed that 59 species of volatile oil were identified from the samples of Maca from eight producing areas, 39 of which were common components, and the total content of these 39 common components exceeded the total content of 99% of the total volatile oil samples. Among them, benzyl isothiocyanate, benzyl acetonitrile, 4-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, 3-methoxy benzylacetonitrile, palmitic acid, 912A12O15-octadectrienoic acid, benzaldehyde, 9mali-12- linoleic acid, Ethyl octadecylenoate and ethyl linoleate. In order to further explore the functional active substances of Maca produced in Yunnan, the maca components were extracted, separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and were detected by a series of experiments, such as infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chromatography. Results three compounds were identified as 尾 -sitosterol (尾-sitosterol) n-benzyl hexadecylamine (N-benzylhexadecanamide) and sucrose (Sucrose). In addition, five kinds of macaramide, two kinds of imidazole alkaloids and two kinds of mustard glycosides were also identified from the extract of maca. In this study, 17 seeds representing the growing area were selected, the volatile oil was extracted by petroleum ether extraction, the chemical constituents were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the precision and reproducibility were obtained. The stability experiment was carried out. Finally, a total of 20 volatile oil components were identified, of which 9 chromatographic peaks were identified as the characteristic fingerprint peaks of the volatile oil, and the GC-MS fingerprint of the volatile oil was established. The differences and similarities of volatile oil components in 17 different planting areas were analyzed by statistical method. Finally, in order to study the bacteriostasis of the oil, Staphylococcus aureus was used to test the bacteriostasis. The results showed that the oil had moderate bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q946

【参考文献】