脱落酸诱导紫背浮萍淀粉合成的研究

发布时间：2019-03-28 09:39

【摘要】：化石燃料的消耗,一方面加速不可再生资源的枯竭,另一方面造成环境污染。相比较化石燃料燃烧产生的CO_2,新型能源产生的CO_2要低得多。随着全球能源危机及环境污染的加剧,急需寻求一种绿色可再生的“不与人争粮,不与粮争地”的能源作物。一方面减轻能源危机,另一方面降低环境污染。浮萍是一种分布广泛的水生浮游植物,生长速度快,木质素含量低,具有淀粉含量高等特点。针对全球能源危机以及浮萍所具有的优点,通过研究脱落酸(ABA)诱导紫背浮萍淀粉的合成以及其中的机理,为浮萍作为潜在的能源作物提供理论基础。本研究以Spirodela polyrrhiza为研究对象,通过研究ABA浓度(0,1.0×10~(-5),1.0×10~(-4),1.0×10~(-3),1.0×10~(-2),1.0×10~(-1)mg/L)对浮萍生物量的增长率,CO_2固定和光合色素(叶绿素a,叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)的形成,控制淀粉合成有关酶(淀粉分支酶(SBE),可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)),淀粉颗粒粒径,叶状体上表皮气孔孔径的大小和密度以及控制AGPase活性的基因APL的影响,探究浮萍淀粉激增的机理。在1.0×10~(-4)mg/L ABA下固定的CO_2最多,叶状体上表皮气孔孔径的大小和密度均证明了在1.0×10~(-4)mg/L ABA下固定的CO_2最多。ABA的加入均会增加光合素色的含量。有助于紫背浮萍捕捉光能用于CO_2和水合成有机物。在1.0×10~(-4)mg/L ABA下生物量最高,SBE活性达到最大,SSS活性较高均有助于淀粉的合成和浮萍的生长。在1.0×10~(-2)mg/L ABA下,AGPase活性和APL2的表达最高,淀粉颗粒最多,密度最高,生物增长率降低,生长降低,消耗减少,有利于淀粉的积累。ABA增加APL2的表达,促进AGPase活性,从而促进淀粉的积累。在1.0×10~(-2)mg/L ABA下,浮萍的淀粉含量最高(35.3%干重(DW)),比空白增加了76.5%。这些结果表明ABA能够加强水生植物紫背浮萍将无机碳转化为有机碳淀粉,从而替代玉米、甘蔗,或其他作为淀粉来源的粮食作物。
[Abstract]:Fossil fuel consumption, on the one hand, accelerates the depletion of non-renewable resources, on the other hand, causes environmental pollution. The CO_2 produced by fossil fuel combustion is much lower than that generated by the new energy source CO_2,. With the aggravation of global energy crisis and environmental pollution, it is urgent to seek a kind of green and renewable energy crop, which is "not competing with people for grain, not competing with grain for land". On the one hand, reduce the energy crisis, on the other hand, reduce environmental pollution. Duckweed is a widely distributed aquatic phytoplankton, which has the characteristics of fast growth, low lignin content and high starch content. In view of the global energy crisis and the advantages of duckweed, the synthesis and mechanism of duckweed starch induced by abscisic acid (ABA) were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for duckweed as a potential energy crop. In this study, the effects of ABA concentration (0,1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 5), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 3), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 2), 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 1) mg/L) on the biomass of duckweed were studied. CO_2 immobilization and the formation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid), controlling starch synthesis related enzymes (starch branching enzyme (SBE), soluble starch synthetase (SSS) and glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase),). The effects of starch particle size, stomatal pore size and density of epidermis on leaf body and gene APL controlling AGPase activity were investigated to explore the mechanism of starch proliferation in duckweed. The most CO_2 was fixed at 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4) mg/L ABA. Both the size and density of stomatal pore size in the epidermis of the leaf body indicated that the most CO_2 was fixed at 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4) mg/L ABA. The addition of ABA could increase the content of photosynthetic hormone color. It is helpful to capture light energy of duckweed for CO_2 and hydration to form organic matter. Under the condition of 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 4) mg/L ABA, the biomass was the highest, the activity of SBE was the highest, and the higher activity of SSS was beneficial to the synthesis of starch and the growth of duckweed. In 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 2) mg/L ABA, the activity of AGPase and the expression of APL2 were the highest, the starch granules were the most, the density was the highest, the biological growth rate decreased, the growth decreased, and the consumption decreased, which was beneficial to the accumulation of starch. ABA increased the expression of APL2. Promote the activity of AGPase, thus promote the accumulation of starch. Under the condition of 1.0 脳 10 ~ (- 2) mg/L ABA, the starch content of duckweed was the highest (35.3% dry weight (DW), increased by 76.5% compared with blank). These results suggest that ABA can enhance the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic carbon starch, which can replace corn, sugarcane, or other food crops as starch sources.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q946

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