准东露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 11:22

【摘要】：露天矿区排土场的植被恢复是在土壤基质改良的基础上对适生植物进行选取,达到有效改善土壤,增强边坡稳定性,使得排土场适宜植被快速恢复,为改善周边生态环境提供理论和技术支持。本文以准东红沙泉露天矿排土场为研究对象,对排土场和周边土壤的土壤理化性质以及土壤三大微生物的数量进行实验室分析,研究其分布特征;系统评价排土场和周边土壤质量现状;在利用排土场土壤质量评价结果的基础上,采用正交试验进行土壤改良,筛选出土壤改良基质优方案及适宜排土场生长耐旱性强的植物。主要得到以下结论:1.露天矿排土场和周边土壤特征分析:排土场土壤属于碱性土,植物难以生存;土壤容重大,含水量相对少,导致土壤容易板结;土壤养分含量低,达到极缺的水平,周边土壤相对排土场总体较好;露天矿排土场的土壤微生物在种类和数量上存在差异,土壤三大微生物的数量在排土场和周边土壤的总体分布特征为:细菌放线菌真菌。2.土壤质量评价结果表明:根据加权和法指数评价模型算出的排土场的SQI值是0.339,周边土壤SQI值是0.484,由此可知,排土场的土壤属于较低水平,周边的土壤属于中等水平。3.土壤改良基质优方案的选择:正交试验结果采用极差和方差分析,地上干重的优方案为A3B4C4D1,地上鲜重的优方案A3B4C4D4,地下鲜重的优方案为A2B1C4D1,出苗率优方案为A3B2C3D2,株高优方案为A4B2C3D4。利用综合平衡法得到试验优方案为A4B2C4D4,即A(保水剂)20g,B(羊粪)1.5g,C(秸秆)140g,D(腐植酸)60g。4.抗旱性植物的筛选结果:在持续干旱胁迫和复水处理,7种植物的脯氨酸表现出的下降趋势;丙二醛表现出上升的趋势;叶绿素荧光参数F0上升、Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0下降,幅度和速度均随胁迫强度的增加而加快;指标的变化因品种的抗旱性差异而不同。通过隶属函数法得出7种植物的综合抗旱能力强弱为:梭梭冷蒿柠条沙拐枣沙冬青四翅滨藜白沙蒿。
[Abstract]:The vegetation restoration of dump in opencast mining area is to select suitable plants on the basis of soil matrix improvement, so as to improve the soil effectively, enhance the stability of slope, and make the suitable vegetation of dump site recover rapidly. To provide theoretical and technical support for improving the surrounding ecological environment. In this paper, the soil physical and chemical properties of the dump and the surrounding soil and the number of three microorganisms in the soil were analyzed in laboratory, and the distribution characteristics of the dump site and the surrounding soil were studied by taking the drainage site of quasi-East Hongshaquan Open Pit Mine as the research object. The present situation of soil quality in and around the dump was systematically evaluated, and on the basis of the evaluation results of soil quality in the dump, the orthogonal test was used to improve the soil, and the optimal scheme of soil improvement matrix and the plants with strong drought tolerance were selected. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Analysis of soil characteristics of open pit mine dump and its surrounding soil: the soil belongs to alkaline soil and it is difficult for plants to survive, the soil capacity is large and the water content is relatively small, which leads to the easy consolidation of soil. The soil nutrient content is low, reaching the extremely deficient level, the surrounding soil relative to the dump field is better as a whole; There are differences in species and quantity of soil microorganisms in open pit dump. The overall distribution characteristics of the three microorganisms in the dump and the surrounding soil are as follows: bacterial actinomycetes fungi. 2. The results of soil quality evaluation show that the SQI value of the dump calculated according to the weighted sum index evaluation model is 0.339, and the SQI value of the surrounding soil is 0.484. it can be seen that the soil of the dump belongs to the lower level. The surrounding soil is of medium level. 3. Selection of optimal scheme for soil improvement matrix: the results of orthogonal test were as follows: the optimal scheme of dry weight on ground was A3B4C4D1, the optimal scheme of fresh weight on ground was A3B4C4D4, the optimal scheme of underground fresh weight was A2B1C4D1, and the optimal scheme of emergence rate was A3B2C3D2. The optimal scheme of plant height was A4B2C3D4. The optimum scheme was A4B2C4D4, that is, A (water retaining agent) 20g, B (sheep dung) 1.5g, C (straw) 140g, D (humic acid) 60g 路4, the optimum scheme was A4B2C4D4, B (sheep manure) 1.5g, C (straw) 140g, D (humic acid) 60g. 4. The screening results of drought-resistant plants showed that proline decreased, malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an upward trend under continuous drought stress and rehydration treatment. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F0 increased, Fv,Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 decreased, and the amplitude and speed increased with the increase of stress intensity, and the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters varied with the difference of drought resistance of varieties. Through the method of membership function, the comprehensive drought resistance of seven species of plants was obtained as follows: Artemisia ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Tripterygium aestivum, Artemisia artemisia.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

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