生境类型及积水状况对南四湖湖滨带湿地草本植物多样性的影响
发布时间：2019-05-15 00:00
【摘要】：本次调查针对南四湖湖滨带湿地草本植物植被进行调查并分析不同生境条件及积水状况对湿地草本植物多样性的影响。本次调查共发现草本植物共53科128属177种,其中蕨类植物3科3属3种,被子植物50科125属174种。被子植物中单子叶植物14科40属59种,双子叶植物36科85属115种。调查发现,含10种以上的科有禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)2科,共计包含42属58种,分别占属总数的32.06%,种总数的32.77%。组成南四湖湿地的草本植物分布区类型较为集中,主要为世界分布和泛热带分布;寡种属数量较多,占有极大比例,分布区类型主要为世界分布和泛热带分布;从湿地植物物种分布区类型的水平来看,南四湖湿地植物区系属于温带亚洲与东亚区系,与热带区系关系比较微弱。调查还发现,国家二级保护植物野大豆Glycinesoja,濒危植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、单叶蔓荆Vitexrotundifolia等。外来入侵物种水花生Alternanthera sessilis与钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum也占有较大比例。出现频度最高的四种物种分别为芦苇Phragmitesaustralis,空心莲子草Alternantheraphiloxeroides,莲子草 Alternanthera sessilis,莲 Nelumbo nucifera。林地生境重要值最高的是双穗雀稗Paspalum distichum,沼泽生境重要值最高的是狗牙根Cynodon dactylon,荒地生境重要值最高的是牵牛Ipomoea nil,近水区生境重要值最高的是浮萍Lemna minor,滩涂生境重要值最高的是狗牙根Cynodon dactylon。季节性水涝区域重要值最高的是欧亚旋覆花Inula britannica,季节性积水区域重要值最高的是狗牙根Cynodondactylon,永久性积水区域重要值最高的是浮萍Lemna minor,间歇性积水区域重要值最高的是狗尾草Setaria viridis。不同生境类型下物种丰富度指数为:沼泽滩涂近水区林地荒地。不同积水状况下物种丰富度指数为:季节性积水间歇性积水永久性积水季节性水涝。随着物种丰富度的增加,Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou均匀度指数都有所增加,而Simpson指数则相应地有所减少。从积水状况层次来看,间歇性积水与季节性积水相似度最大,Jaccard指数为0.435,Sorenson指数为0.607,相同物种有43种从小生境层次来看,滩涂和沼泽的相似性最大,Jaccard指数为0.426,Sorenson指数为0.597,相同物种有75种。
[Abstract]:In this investigation, the vegetation of wetland herbs in Nansihu lakeside zone was investigated and the effects of different habitat conditions and water accumulation on the diversity of wetland herbs were analyzed. A total of 177 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 128 genus and 53 families were found in this investigation, including 3 families, 3 genus and 174 species of angiosperms, including 3 families, 3 genus and 174 species of angiosperms. There are 59 species of monocotyledonous plants belonging to 40 genera and 14 families of angiosperms and 115 species of dicotyledonous plants belonging to 85 genus and 36 families. It was found that there were more than 10 families in (Compositae) 2 families of (Gramineae), including 42 genus and 58 species, accounting for 32.06% of the total genus and 32.77% of the total species, respectively. The distribution types of herbaceous plants in Nansihu Lake wetland are concentrated, mainly world distribution and pan-tropical distribution, and the number of oligospecies is large, accounting for a large proportion, and the distribution types are mainly world distribution and pan-tropical distribution, and the distribution types of herbaceous plants in Nansihu wetland are mainly world distribution and pan-tropical distribution. From the level of wetland plant species distribution types, the wetland flora of Nansihu Lake belongs to temperate Asia and East Asia, but has a weak relationship with tropical flora. It was also found that the endangered plant of wild soybean Glycinesoja, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Vitexrotundifolia, was also found to be a second-class protected plant in China. The proportion of water peanut Alternanthera sessilis and Aster Symphyotrichum subulatum also accounted for a large proportion. The four species with the highest frequency of occurrence were Reed Phragmitesaustralis, hollow lotus seed grass Alternantheraphiloxeroides, lotus seed grass Alternanthera sessilis, lotus Nelumbo nucifera., respectively. The highest important value of forest habitat is double panicle paspalum Paspalum distichum, swampy habitat, and the highest important value of dog tooth root Cynodon dactylon, wasteland habitat is the highest important value of paspalum Ipomoea nil, inclinal habitat, and the highest is duckweed Lemna minor,. The most important value of beach habitat is Cynodon dactylon. of dog tooth root. The highest important value in seasonal waterlogging area is Eurasian rotating flower Inula britannica, seasonal water accumulation region, and the highest important value in dog root Cynodondactylon, permanent hydrops area is duckweed Lemna minor,. The most important value in intermittent water accumulation area is Setaria viridis. of Elaeagnus angustifolia. The species richness index of different habitat types is: woodland wasteland in the near water area of swampy beach. The species richness index under different water accumulation conditions is: seasonal water accumulation intermittent water accumulation permanent water accumulation seasonal waterlogging. With the increase of species richness, both Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index increased, while Simpson index decreased accordingly. From the level of water accumulation, the similarity between intermittent water and seasonal water is the highest, Jaccard index is 0.435, Sorenson index is 0.607, 43 species of the same species are small habitat level, the similarity between beach and swampy is the largest. The Jaccard index was 0.426 and the Sorenson index was 0.597. There were 75 species of the same species.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948
[Abstract]:In this investigation, the vegetation of wetland herbs in Nansihu lakeside zone was investigated and the effects of different habitat conditions and water accumulation on the diversity of wetland herbs were analyzed. A total of 177 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 128 genus and 53 families were found in this investigation, including 3 families, 3 genus and 174 species of angiosperms, including 3 families, 3 genus and 174 species of angiosperms. There are 59 species of monocotyledonous plants belonging to 40 genera and 14 families of angiosperms and 115 species of dicotyledonous plants belonging to 85 genus and 36 families. It was found that there were more than 10 families in (Compositae) 2 families of (Gramineae), including 42 genus and 58 species, accounting for 32.06% of the total genus and 32.77% of the total species, respectively. The distribution types of herbaceous plants in Nansihu Lake wetland are concentrated, mainly world distribution and pan-tropical distribution, and the number of oligospecies is large, accounting for a large proportion, and the distribution types are mainly world distribution and pan-tropical distribution, and the distribution types of herbaceous plants in Nansihu wetland are mainly world distribution and pan-tropical distribution. From the level of wetland plant species distribution types, the wetland flora of Nansihu Lake belongs to temperate Asia and East Asia, but has a weak relationship with tropical flora. It was also found that the endangered plant of wild soybean Glycinesoja, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Vitexrotundifolia, was also found to be a second-class protected plant in China. The proportion of water peanut Alternanthera sessilis and Aster Symphyotrichum subulatum also accounted for a large proportion. The four species with the highest frequency of occurrence were Reed Phragmitesaustralis, hollow lotus seed grass Alternantheraphiloxeroides, lotus seed grass Alternanthera sessilis, lotus Nelumbo nucifera., respectively. The highest important value of forest habitat is double panicle paspalum Paspalum distichum, swampy habitat, and the highest important value of dog tooth root Cynodon dactylon, wasteland habitat is the highest important value of paspalum Ipomoea nil, inclinal habitat, and the highest is duckweed Lemna minor,. The most important value of beach habitat is Cynodon dactylon. of dog tooth root. The highest important value in seasonal waterlogging area is Eurasian rotating flower Inula britannica, seasonal water accumulation region, and the highest important value in dog root Cynodondactylon, permanent hydrops area is duckweed Lemna minor,. The most important value in intermittent water accumulation area is Setaria viridis. of Elaeagnus angustifolia. The species richness index of different habitat types is: woodland wasteland in the near water area of swampy beach. The species richness index under different water accumulation conditions is: seasonal water accumulation intermittent water accumulation permanent water accumulation seasonal waterlogging. With the increase of species richness, both Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index increased, while Simpson index decreased accordingly. From the level of water accumulation, the similarity between intermittent water and seasonal water is the highest, Jaccard index is 0.435, Sorenson index is 0.607, 43 species of the same species are small habitat level, the similarity between beach and swampy is the largest. The Jaccard index was 0.426 and the Sorenson index was 0.597. There were 75 species of the same species.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948
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